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Most malnutrition occurs as a result of the intense
大多数营养不良是由于高强度的癌症治疗
cancer treatments such as chemotherapy. Chemotherapy
比如化疗
kills rapidly dividing cells and in effect damages
化疗迅速杀死分裂细胞破坏小肠粘膜细胞
cells lining the intestines. This makes the intestines
这使得小肠不能吸收营养和食物
unable to absorb nutrients and food. Anorexia,
厌食症，黏膜炎 就是消化道内壁
mucositis which is the inflammation of the mucous
细胞黏膜发炎
membranes lining the digestive tract, vomiting,
呕吐 腹泻以及味觉改变
diarrhea and alterations in taste are important side
都是化疗的重要副作用
effects of chemotherapy that also contribute to weight
从而导致消瘦以及营养不良
loss and malnutrition. Because of the side effects
由于这些副作用 所以导致了恶病质
cachexia can often result. Cachexia, also known as the
恶病质也称消耗症
wasting syndrome can also result in extreme cases.
也可以导致极端病例
Cachexia is the loss of weight and the atrophy of
恶病质表现为消瘦 肌肉萎缩
muscle resulting in an intense fatigue and weakness.
会导致强烈的疲惫和虚弱
It cannot simply be reversed by eating more calories
仅仅靠摄入更多的卡路里是不能恢复的因为
because lean body mass is also lost. To avoid cancer
身体的瘦体重也减轻了 为了避免癌症恶病质
cachexia it is extremely important for children to eat
对于孩子在治疗过程中摄入足够多的蛋白质
enough protein and calories throughout the treatment.
和卡路里是至关重要的
The type of cancer itself plays a role in malnutrition
癌症自身的类型在营养不良里也扮演了
as well, in fact it has been well documented that
很重要的角色 事实上记录表明
certain tumors and stages of diseases are associated
某些肿瘤和疾病的阶段
with an increased risk of becoming under nourished.
能够增加营养不良的风险
In a study conducted in 2011 by Bower and others
在2011年有鲍尔及其同事
entitled ‘important aspects of nutrition
进行的“癌症患儿营养不良的重要方面”
in children with cancer’ different types of
研究中，比较了不同种类的癌症
cancers were compared and their corresponding risk
以及处于营养不良时
for becoming under nourished were assessed.
相应的风险
Overall, malnutrition was more prevalent in children
总体来说，营养不良在
with advanced solid tumors such as neuroblastoma
患晚期实性肿瘤孩子中很常见
and in aggressive tumors and tumors in the later stages
比如成神经细胞瘤，恶性肿瘤
of malignancy. Undernourishment was seen less
以及恶性肿瘤的后期
frequently in children diagnosed with non metastatic
被诊断为没有转移性肿瘤的或者是更有利的
tumors and diagnosis with a more favorable prognosis.
预后诊断的孩子中，营养不足是很少见的
We will now turn our attention to the side effects and
现在我们将把注意力转移到在癌症治疗期间
problems malnutrition causes during cancer treatment.
由营养不良引起的副作用和一系列问题上
There are many side effects that malnutrition causes
癌症治疗期间由于营养不良
during cancer treatment, however we will focus on 3
引发了很多副作用
key side effects; an increased treatment time,
我们将关注三个主要的副作用
a decreased quality of life after survival and
治疗时间愈后生活质量下降
a greater chance of becoming underweight or
以及以后的生活
overweight later in life.
身体变得消瘦或超重的可能性增大
Studies have shown that malnutrition reduces the
研究表明，营养不良会降低化疗的有效性
effectiveness of chemotherapy, thus increasing the
从而延长了孩子们必须
length of time children must spend being treated
在医院接受治疗的时间
in the hospital. Being malnourished also increases
由于免疫系统的减弱
the likelihood of developing an infection due to
营养不良还可能会使
a weakened immune system.
孩子们更容易受感染
Malnutrition has also been proven to lower the
事实证明，营养不良还会降低生活质量
overall quality of life and lower the chances of
以及病人治疗后存活的机率
a patient survival post treatment. In children under
对孩子来说
nourishment has a significant role in survival rates,
营养不足对存活率有很大的影响
especially in children with solid tumors and
特别是患有实体瘤和转移性疾病等
metastatic diseases which are children at a high risk.
严重疾病的孩子
Many studies have also shown that survivors of
很多研究已表明
specific cancer types are more likely to cause a child
如果孩子在治疗过程中营养不良
to become underweight or overweight later in life
那么某种癌症的幸存者在以后的生活中
if the child experienced malnutrition during treatment.
更有可能变得消瘦或者超重
