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You must have seen
从上面的对话中
some examples of obligation and permission there
大家肯定发现了一些关于义务和许可的例子
Here's another chance to listen for them, without the subtitles
现在请再听一遍，不过这次没有字幕
I must defuse this bomb before it blows
我必须在炸弹爆炸之前将它拆除
MacGyver, I've got some bad news for you
麦吉弗，我这里有个坏消息要告诉你
Murdoch has to be released from jail
默多克出狱了
if we want him to tell us how to defuse the bomb
你看我们是不是请他来告诉我们怎么拆炸弹？
I don't have to listen to this
你不用给我说这些
I can defuse the bomb on my own
我自己就可以拆除炸弹
I am not allowed to let you make that call. Lives are at risk
我不许你那么干，你是在拿生命冒险
Murdoch must not be set free
不可以让默多克恢复自由
You can catch him again
你可以再抓他一次
Do I have to defuse this bomb with you distracting me
能不能别打扰我
or are you going to let me do my job?
或者让我继续拆炸弹？
Murdoch can't be set free
不能让默多克恢复自由
Murdoch is allowed to leave
如果默多克合作的话
if he cooperates
我们就允许他离开怎么样？
Does Murdoch have to be set free
如果默多克相信自己已经自由了
if he believes he already is?
是不是就得必须让他自由？
You're right. Murdoch doesn't have to be free
你说的对，如果我们骗默多克使他认为他没自由
if we can trick him into thinking he is
那就不必让他恢复自由了
Good. Make that happen
好，就这么干
We've just covered obligation and permission
我们刚才学习了现在时中
in the present tense
关于义务和许可的表达方法
So how do we express obligation and permission
那么，在过去时中我们
in the past tense?
应如何表示义务和许可呢？
"Must" has no past form
"must"一词没有过去式
so "had to" is used instead
所以用"had to"代替
"I had to return my library books yesterday"
例如，应该说"昨天我必须要把书还给图书馆"
Not "I must return my library books yesterday"
而不是 "昨天我必须要把书还给图书馆"
In the negative form
在否定句中
we use "couldn't" or "wasn't"
我们会用"couldn't" 或"wasn't"
or "weren't allowed to"
或"weren't allowed to"等词
"I couldn't return my library books yesterday"
例如 "昨天我不能把书还给图书馆"
"Anna wasn't allowed to have the day off work yesterday"
"昨天，不许安娜休假"
"They weren't allowed to go to the movies yesterday"
"昨天，不许他们去看电影"
It is not correct to use " "had got to" or "hadn't got to"
had got to"或"hadn't got to"的形式是错误的
Instead we use "had to"
在过去式中，我们可以用"had to"
"didn't have to" in the past form
或"didn't have to"
"Jim had to go to work yesterday"
例如 "昨天吉姆不得不去上班"
"Anna didn't have to go to work yesterday"
"昨天安娜不必去上班"
Here's another dialogue to show you
请再听一个对话
how it all works in conversation
学习一下它们的用法
I couldn't get out of bed yesterday
昨天我起不了床了
It took three nurses to help me get ready for breakfast
最后三个护士帮我准备了早餐
Sarah wasn't allowed to give me my medication today
今天他们不许莎拉为我进行药物治疗
Why was that?
为什么？
They weren't allowed because they found out
他们之所以不允许她这么做是因为他们发现
I had been feeding my pills to the gold fish
我把开给我的药喂金鱼了
I knew you were doing that. It's not very good for them
我知道你一直这么干，这样做对他们来说不太好
Dr. Brown had to go and buy some more
布朗医生不得不去多买点药
for the children's ward
给儿童病房用
Little Michael complained that they swarm upside down
小迈克尔抱怨说那些鱼很多都翻了肚皮
but I don't know how he knew it was me
但我不知道他是怎么知道是我干的
It was very mean of you to kill their fish. I had to tell on you
你太自私了，竟然杀了他们的鱼，我要告发你
Michael didn't have to steal my walking frame though
虽然迈克尔没偷成我的助行架
That's just insulting
但那分明就是对我的侮辱
I hope it helps you with the past tense
希望这个对话对你们理解过去时有所帮助
Let's see it a second time, without subtitles
让我们去掉字幕再看一遍
I couldn't get out of bed yesterday
昨天我起不了床了
It took three nurses to help me get ready for breakfast
最后三个护士帮我准备了早餐
Sarah wasn't allowed to give me my medication today
今天他们不许莎拉为我进行药物治疗
Why was that?
为什么？
They weren't allowed because they found out
他们之所以不允许她这么做是因为他们发现
I had been feeding my pills to the gold fish
我把开给我的药喂金鱼了
I knew you were doing that. It's not very good for them
我知道你一直这么干，这样做对他们来说不太好
