评论
打印
With the end of the Civil War
南北战争结束之后
the United States once more resumed its campaign
美国又一次恢复了
against Indians eventually
对印第安人的迁移运动
driving most of them onto reservations.
最终使得大多数印第安人都迁移到了居留地
The tactics employed by the United States
美国所使用的
in managing quote/unquote its Indians,
用来对付"它的"印第安人
the Mormons and other minorities
摩门教徒和其他少数群体的手段
is actually old as the hills.
其实是很古老的
Its modern name is ethnic cleansing.
现代人管它叫做种族清洗
Segment 4b: The Northwest Ordinance.
章节4b 西北法令
Victory against Britain had left Americans
打败英国给了美国人
free to resume looking west.
重新向西部开拓的机遇
Even before the revolution
早在革命之前
tens of thousands of American settlers
数以万计的美国移民
had crossed the Appalachian Mountains
就已经翻越阿巴拉契亚山脉
defying Great Britain's
公然反抗1763年
1763 Royal Proclamation.
大不列颠帝国的王室公告
Now there was a complication.
当时出现了一个难题
Several of the larger states,
一些比较大的州
notably New York, Massachusetts and Virginia
主要是纽约州，马萨诸塞州和弗吉尼亚州
already had large claims extending westward
已经有许多的土地在西边
all the way to the Mississippi River.
一直延伸到密西西比河
The section north of the Ohio River
俄亥俄河的北部
and west of the Appalachians,
以及阿巴拉契亚山西部
or Northwest Territory, was especially coveted.
它们都在觊觎西北的领土
The smaller states which lacked such claims
一些比较小的州，没有这么多权利
played the only card they could.
就只能孤注一掷
They held out on ratifying the new Constitution
它们提出要通过新宪法
until the larger states gave up their claims
除非那些较大的州放弃那些
on territory in the west.
西部的土地
In 1780 New York was the first state
1780年，纽约州是第一个
to give up its claims.
放弃西部土地的州
And by 1787 the entire Northwest Territory
到1787年，整个西北部地区
was administered not by the states
的管理权已经不在各州手中
but by the United States' Congress.
而是由美国国会接管
This compromise spoke well of the new nation's unity.
这一妥协很好地展现了美国的团结
Its next step was even more farsighted.
可接下去的一步才是更有远见的
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
1787年的西北法令
organized the Northwest Territory,
很好的组织安排了西北部土地
initially as a single district
一开始是作为一个单独的地区
ruled by a governor and judges appointed by Congress.
由国会指派的总督和法官治理
When a section of the Northwest Territory
当西北地区有某区
had 5,000 free men of voting age
达到投票年龄的自由男子达到5000名时
it could get its own territorial legislature
能够成为准州
and could at that time send
与此同时还能够
a non-voting delegate to Congress.
向国会派出一名不投票的代表
Three to five states were to be formed
在这一地区
out of this territory.
将产生3到5个州
And whenever any one of them
只要各准州拥有
acquired 60,000 free inhabitants
6万自由居民
it could join the Union on an equal footing
它就能够成为美国联邦的一州
with the original states in all respects.
和其他的建国十三州平起平坐
And that's a quote.
这一段是引用的
With this insightful policy the United States
由于这一具有远见的政策
gave up for all time the traditional notion
美国放弃了传统的观念
that colonies were inferior
不再认为殖民地是次要的
and existed only to benefit the mother country.
它们的存在只是为了使祖国受益
Some Americans felt the same way
有些美国人反对
not wanting mere territories to enjoy the same rights
让更多地区享受
as the 13 colonies.
与建国十三州平等的权利
They thought that the Northwest Territory
他们认为西北地方
should be subordinate.
应该处于附属地位
But the Northwest Ordinance was an extension
但是西北法令是
of the American conviction
美国人信条的一个延伸
that all people and all states should be equal.
也就是人人平等，每个州也应平等
As we will see the Roman provinces
我们还会看到罗马帝国时代的
during the Roman Republic were acquired
罗马行政区
in Rome's best interests,
都是在罗马利益最大化情况下获得的
ruled in Rome's best interests
按照罗马利益最大化治理
and any benefit to the people
如果有任何政策惠及当地居民
who lived in the provinces was completely accidental.
那只是纯属巧合
Likewise both the Russian Empire
同样的，俄帝国
and the Soviet Union acquired provinces,
和苏联也获得了一些行政区
territories and client-states
领土和附属国
solely for Russian or Soviet benefit.
仅仅对俄国和苏联有好处
Here in America sanity prevailed.
在美国，理智取胜
There would be no squabbling about
不仅没有人会因为
which state had the best claim to new land.
哪个州最有权力获得新领土而争吵
