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Out of Germanic you have North Germanic
从日耳曼语系衍生出来的有北日耳曼语系
you get all your Northern languages
由此将衍生出所有的北欧语种
out of the other branch you'd get west Germanic
另外一个分支是西日耳曼语系
Which subdivides into one branch, Celtic and German
西日耳曼语系细化出一个分支,并衍生在凯尔特语和德语
And on another branch you'll get English and Dutch
另一个细化的分支则衍生出英语和荷兰语
And these groups so kind of wander out in different times
这些语系在不同时期的使用看上去显得有些混乱
There's a great book in the 70's or late 60's
在七十年代或者六十年代末期有一本写得很好的书
if you like these kind of stuff
如果你喜欢钻研这方面的内容
It's called Atlantis
不妨看一下,书的名字叫做亚特兰蒂斯
In the theory of Atlantis is the same idea, that there was an advanced civilization
亚特兰蒂斯阐述了一个类似的观点,那就是曾经有一段先进的文明
in all culture from the whole world comes from this one advance civilization
之后世间所有的文化都是源自这段先进的文明
and the particular case of Atlantis it what?
至于这段叫做亚特兰蒂斯的文明究竟是什么样子
It sank they're still looking for Atlantis
据说他沉到了海底,世人至今仍在搜寻他的踪迹
I think they found Atlantis off Egypt some place on Mediterranean
我听说他们最近似乎在埃及附近找到了亚特兰蒂斯,也就是地中海的某个地方
and people set out in boats in different directions taking remnants of culture as they remember it
研究人员从不同方向开出打捞船,找到了他们所认得的文化与语言的残留物
The first of these groups to emerge was of course the Greek world that is Europe
这些文化之中首先出现的自然是曾今遍及欧罗巴的希腊语世界
it emerged what 900 B C to 500 B C
它产生于公元前900年到公元前500年前后
It went to the state of being Barbarians
然后希腊文明传播到了野蛮人的土地
the modern meaning of Barbarians is what we're all Barbarians
其实我们都是所谓的野蛮人
the technical meaning of the word Barbarian is they don't speak Latin or Greek
因为Barbarian这个词的原始含义就是指,不说拉丁语和希腊语的人
But we use that word in a general sense
而如今我们则更广泛的使用了这个词
so they went from 900 B C TO 500 B C
希腊文明从公元前900年发展到公元前500年前后
They went from having knowing nothing to the peak of their civilization
他们从一无所知,发展到了他们文明的顶峰
Next the Roman world comes in and by 146 B C
之后的罗马帝国时期在公元前146年左右出现
that's probably on your dates, it's on your chart
这在纪年表上有,公元前146年,这在你们的表上有
The Greeks have been conquered by the Romans and the Romans on what we've talked about last time
希腊人已经被罗马人征服罗马人,正如我们上次所说的
They absorb what they like the Greek intellectual life and culture
他们吸收了他们所认为的希腊文化的精髓
Roman Empire 31 B C to the latter part of the century
罗马帝国,公元前31年,来到世纪的后半叶
Important things about the Roman Empire
关于罗马帝国的一些重要的内容
political unity, internal peace, government, cities grew things you're all familiar with
政治统一,内部和平,政府,城市发展都是些你们所熟悉的知识
This term though, when I use the term Europe
注意虽然我用了欧罗巴这个词
The term Europe had really had very little meaning for the Romans which is scarcely used by them
但其实这个词在那时并没有什么意义对于罗马人,他们很少使用这个名词
It's really in the half millennium, from the 5th and 10th century that Europe as we think of Europe
直到千禧年的半程,从五世纪到十世纪,欧罗巴,才是我们所熟知的欧洲
for the first time emerged with its peoples brought together in the life of their own clearly set off from Africa and Asia
才第一次逐渐浮现,欧洲的人民开始共同生活,开始清楚地与非洲亚洲人的生活产生分化
The first requirement was that the Roman Empires
而这一切的起因最关键的就是罗马帝国的瓦解
Disintegrate, go to pieces in the West
这其中西罗马帝国彻底衰落,土崩瓦解
