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The average Confederate soldier was not
南方士兵大多不是
likely to be a slave owner; didn't have the money.
蓄奴者，他们没有钱
He would also be likely to say he was fighting
士兵也可能说他不是为奴隶制二战
not for slavery but for his state's right to
而是为他的州
make its own state laws. A northerner soldier
制定自己州法的权利而战，一位北方士兵
would likely say he was fighting for the Union.
可能说，他是为联邦而战
And unless he was an abolitionist didn't likely
除非他是位废奴主义者
care about slaves one way or another.
他不可能关心奴隶问题
The Confederate Army had no monopoly
南方军队没有垄断
on prejudice against blacks.
对黑人的歧视
The Copperheads who wished to make peace
铜头蛇希望与南邦联邦和平共处
with the Confederacy and let it go its own way
让事态自由发展
were supported even by some Union Generals.
甚至得到北方一些将军支持
By 1863 once the rush to enlist was over
到1863年，从军热一度过气
many northerners flat out refused to fight
许多北方人筋疲力尽
in a war that was thought to be going on to
拒绝为解放黑奴战斗
free black slaves. Meanwhile black ex-slaves
与此同时，前黑人奴隶
who wanted to fight in the United States Army
想要在美国军队中战斗
were driven away until some sort of sanity prevailed.
被驱除出军队，这一直持续至社会普遍恢复神智
Even when blacks were allowed to wear uniforms
甚至当黑人被允许穿制服
and take a bullet for the Union cause
为联邦军挡子弹
they did so commanded by white officers.
他们这样也是受到白人官员指挥
Three. Some are more equal than others. .
3，一些人比其他人更平等
The Civil War almost tore the country apart.
内战几乎让美国分裂
But in this case it wasn't the bullet that nearly
但这个情况中，几乎要了美国命的不是子弹
killed America, it was the hole. The founders'
而是洞
unwillingness to tackle the slave issue left
国父不愿意解决奴隶问题
a gapping wound on our nation which
这为我们国家留下了无法弥合的伤口
even the 13th Amendment of 1865 could not heal.
甚至1865年的13修正案也无法使它愈合
Slavery was abolished but still segregation ruled.
奴隶制被废除，但种族分离依旧占上风
Women gained the right to vote only in 1920.
妇女直至1920年才获得选举权
Blacks and women were not the only ones
不只黑人和妇女
experiencing discrimination, as mentioned earlier
遭遇过歧视，之前提到过
Mormons were hassled, driven out of the Midwest for
摩门教徒也被烦扰，因其信仰被驱逐出中西部
their beliefs. But at least they were considered human.
但他们至少被视为人
As opposed to the Chinese and other Orientals
不同于中国人和其他东方人
who were brought in by the boatload to work at labor
那些人渡船到这，做劳苦工
intensive tasks and virtually treated like slaves.
被当做真正的奴隶对待
Europeans were not exempt either.
欧洲人也未受免除
The Know-Nothing Party believed that Irish Catholic
一无所知党相信天主教爱尔兰移民
immigrants were nearly responsible for
是所有美国疾病的来源
almost all of America's ills. Fortunately nationalistic
幸运的是，像这样的民族主义盲信者
bigots like this faded into the distance
渐渐减少
as the nation moved to confront bigger problems.
因为国家面临更大的问题
Unfortunately other such bigoted movements
不幸的是，其它这样的狂热运动
would arise after the Civil War,
内战结束后又升起
the most famous being the Knights of the Klu Klux Klan.
最著名的是三K党
Four. If at first you don't secede.
4，如果最开始没有退出联邦
Constitutional scholars still argue over
宪法学者仍在争论
whether the Confederate states had the right to
南方州是否有权
secede from the Union or not.
退出联邦
Obviously this question was immaterial to
显然，这个问题对亚伯拉罕林肯不重要
Abraham Lincoln who refused to acknowledge
他拒绝承认他们的退出
their secession and treated the states as rebels instead.
视那些州为叛乱者
It wasn't a question of slavery for Lincoln
对林肯而言那不是奴隶制的问题
who wrote the following in August 1862.
他在1862年8月写下了这些
"If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves,
"如果不解放奴隶，我能拯救联邦
I would do it. And if I could save it by
我会那样做，如果能通过解放所有奴隶
freeing all the slaves I would do it.
拯救联邦，我也会那样做
And if I could do it by freeing some and
如果我能靠解放部分奴隶拯救联邦
leaving others alone, I would also do that."
我也会那样做"
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1st,
林肯1863年1月1日的《解放奴隶宣言》
1863 took the third course. Lincoln bravely
走的是第三条路
freed the slaves all over the Confederacy
林肯大胆解放了全南方的奴隶
while saying nothing about slaves held in Union slave
却对美国奴隶州只字未提
states like Kentucky, Maryland and yes,
如肯塔基和马里兰，是的，还有
Missouri. Lincoln's means were often
密苏里，林肯的方法常常
open to question. Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus
引来争论，暂停人身保护状
made it possible for the United States to
让美国可能
imprison citizens indefinitely for,
没有确定理由
without even giving a reason.
就关押公民
Again the end was undoubtedly good.
但结果无疑是好的
Freedom at least officially so for all Americans
所有美国人和全联邦终于公开声明了自由
and the Union, the grand experiment saved.
伟大实验被拯救了
