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超级大国的兴衰(视频+MP3+中英字幕) 第52期:昔日的罗马(1)

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Lecture 6a: Introduction.

讲座6a:介绍
The ancient Romans and their civilization
古罗马人和他们的文明
continue to fascinate the western world to this day.
对西方人的吸引力维持至今
The study of Roman civilization has a lot
研究罗马文明
to teach us Americans to this very day.
能让今天的美国人从中获益良多
The chances are that you're not quite as fascinated
但是你们并不像我之前那样
with the ancient Romans as I've been,
为古罗马着迷
but then not everybody winds up growing up
但是不是所有人都梦想着

昔日的罗马.png

to be a professor of classics.

长大成为古典著作方面的教授
For purposes of this class,
为了完成这门课的目标
I urge you to keep feeling fascination as best you can.
我建议你们保持对古罗马的迷恋
In segment 6b,Why Rome, 6b
为什么要了解罗马
we will encounter some of the reasons
我们会接触到为什么
for history's fascination with the ancient Romans.
历史学界对古罗马那么感兴趣
Sure there were gladiators and orgies
当然,你们会在电影中看到
and crucifixions and gladiators
角斗士, 狂欢,十字架,角斗士
and more gladiators and all the other good stuff
更多的角斗士
you see in the movies.
和其他的事情
But we'll be looking at a few of the
但是我们要研究的是
Roman's lesser known past times.
过去不太为人所知的罗马的情况
History buffs have traditionally
历史爱好者通常研究
looked to the Roman experience for
罗马对启蒙运动的影响
enlightenment and useful parallels.
和对其他文化运动的启发
Kings and queens and wannabe super powers
国王,女王和崇拜超级力量的人
have looked up to the Roman Empire
研究罗马帝国
as some sort of role model.
把它当做榜样
The Romans are the first nation in western history
在西方历史上,罗马是第一个
to have appointed themselves
自称为世界警察
as the world's policemen.
的国家
Finally the fall of the Roman Empire,
最后,罗马帝国的衰落
whenever and where ever it fell,
不管何时何地衰落
is considered the prime example
大家认为,罗马的衰落说明了
of how not to run an empire.
不要怎样治理一个帝国
Segment 6c: Podunk on the Tiber 6c
台伯河上的小村庄
examines the Roman's oldest myths
检验了罗马成立
about their city's foundation.
这一最古老的神话
In the process, we dredge up a few
在这个过程中,我们巡回了
stray kernels of historical fact.
一些丢失的历史真相
The city was founded by a dude
罗马的建立者
by the name of Romulus
是一个叫罗慕路斯的人
who celebrated the moment by
他杀死了双胞胎兄弟雷穆斯
killing his twin brother Remus.
以庆祝罗马的建立
Hence the name Rome instead of Reme,
因此,这座城市被命名为罗马
unless of course, you're Russian
而不是里马,除非你是俄罗斯人
in which case the name of the city is in fact Reme.
因为俄罗斯人称之为里马
From that point on, the Romans showed
从这一点中可以看出
a talent for getting into civil wars.
罗马人有发动内战的天赋
Romulus built the city's population by
罗慕路斯收留难民和乌合之众
recruiting refugees and other riffraff.
组成了城市中的居民
And the men in turn had to steal wives
这些人不得不从邻近的城市中
from neighboring cities.
窃取妻子
If you're familiar with Australian culture,
如果你们熟悉澳大利亚历史
which prides itself on Australia's beginnings
它最初是流放犯人的地方
as a prison colony,
澳大利亚人以此为荣
you know that these things still happen.
这些事情依然在发生
But once Rome had become more powerful,
但是,当罗马变得更强大后
a more attractive foundation myth was cooked up.
产生了更有吸引力的成立神话
It was merged in with the old one.
这是和旧神话融合的结果
But myth can hide things too.
但是神话中也隐藏了一些事情
And one thing the Romans seem most concerned
罗马人最想隐藏的一件事是
to hide is Rome's history with the Etruscan Kings.
伊特鲁利亚人国王统治的那段历史
In segment 6d: A Farewell to Kings, 6d
告别国王
we shift myths and legends of the Roman monarchy
把罗马君主国的神话和传说
for even more exciting kernels of historical fact.
转到更令人兴奋的历史核心事实上
There were warlike kings and peaceful kings,
罗马有好战的国王,也有热爱和平的国王
Roman kings and Etruscan kings,
罗马国王和伊特鲁利亚国王
nice kinds and mean kings.
善良的国王和卑鄙的国王
It reads more like a soap opera than anything else.
这更像是肥皂剧
The same is true of the dramatic rape of Lucretia
戏剧性地强奸卢克丽霞也是真的
which supposedly motivated
这件事促使
the manly Roman Brutus to depose
罗马人废黜令人厌恶的
the hated Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud.
伊特鲁利亚国王,骄傲的塔奎因
Even though we can safely say that
即使我们可以肯定地说
these things did not exactly happen in that way,
这些事情并不是这样的
it's worth keeping in mind that the Romans
但是应该记住
themselves considered these stories true
罗马人相信这些故事的真实性
and considered them important.
认为这些故事很重要
So we've got to learn them anyway.
因此我们需要了解这些事情
Segment 6b: Why Rome? 6b
为什么学习罗马的知识?
The influence of Rome can be felt
罗马产生的影响
around America to this very day.
在今天的美国依然可以感受到
Just start with our government.
从我们的政府开始说起
Our nation's founders were very well read
我们的国父们熟读
in Greek and Roman classical literature,
希腊和罗马的古典文学作品
and particularly in their political thought.
特别是政治理念的作品
While the Greeks undoubtedly established
尽管希腊人比罗马人
democratic traditions way before the Romans did,
更早地建立了民主传统
the Romans actually made democracy work
罗马人始终
on a consistent basis.
坚持民主做法
Our founders recognized this Roman tradition
美国的建立者在确定
when they claimed America's right to life,
美国在生命,自由和追求幸福时
liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
选择了罗马的传统

重点单词   查看全部解释    
population [.pɔpju'leiʃən]

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n. 人口 ,(全体)居民,人数

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urge [ə:dʒ]

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vt. 驱策,鼓励,力陈,催促
vi. 极力主

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dramatic [drə'mætik]

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adj. 戏剧性的,引人注目的,给人深刻印象的

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consistent [kən'sistənt]

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adj. 始终如一的,一致的,坚持的

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shift [ʃift]

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n. 交换,变化,移动,接班者
v. 更替,移

 
stray [strei]

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n. 走失的家畜,浪子
adj. 迷途的,偶然

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segment ['segmənt]

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n. 部份,瓣,弓形
vt. 分割

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democratic [.demə'krætik]

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adj. 民主的,大众的,平等的

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encounter [in'kauntə]

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n. 意外的相见,遭遇
v. 遇到,偶然碰到,

 
soap [səup]

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n. 肥皂
vt. 用肥皂洗,阿谀奉承

 

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