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When the need for soldiers became too great, generals
当对于战士的需求变得非常大时
such as Marius and Sulla recruited,trained,and paid
像马吕斯和苏拉的将军们用自己的钱
entire armies at their personal expense.These client
招募，训练，发钱给整个军队
armies achieved great things for Rome in the last
这种私人军队在公元前二世纪的最后十年
decade of the second century BC.
为罗马取得了很大成就
But they also set an awful precedent.
但是他们打开了不好的先河
These client armies were loyal to their generals first,
这些私人军队首先对他们的军官忠诚
and only then loyal to Rome.
然后才对罗马忠诚
Marius did indeed dismiss his client army after his last consulship in one hundred BC, but future warlords
马吕斯确实在公元前100年最后执政期后解散了他的私人军队
would not show similar restraint.
但是未来的军阀并没有像他这样克制
Segment nine B: Romans and Hellenism.
第九节 B 罗马人与古希腊文化
Roughly a quarter of a century ago, the deluxe yours
大约在25年前 Deluxe Yours
truly was a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. That's hard to believe.
确实是威斯康星密尔沃基大学的一名二年级学生，这很让人相信
I was frankly astonished to be passing first-year Latin
我很惊讶我能通过第一年的拉丁语课
And I was shocked when my Latin professor told me that
当我的拉丁语教授告诉我
I had to start first-year Ancient Greek at the beginning of my junior year. My anguished question,
我得再三年级开始时学习第一年的古希腊语我痛苦的问道
"But... but... why?" was answered with this fundamental
"但是，但是，为什么?" 答案就是
truth of Classical studies: "You cannot be an educated Roman without being an educated Greek."
古典研究最根本的真理 "要成为有教养的罗马人你得先成为有教养的希腊人"
This was true to an extent from the beginning of
某种程度上讲，这对于罗马历史的开端是
Roman history. Though the Etruscans were by far the biggest outside influence upon the Roman civilization,
正确的，虽然伊特路亚人在当时是对罗马文明影响最大的外来因素
the Greeks had undeniably influenced the Etruscans.
但是希腊人不可否认地影响了伊特鲁利亚人
For all intents and purposes,the Etruscans'deities were renamed Ancient Greek deities, and the Romans' deities
出于任何意图与目的，伊特鲁利亚人的神们被改名为古希腊的神们，而罗马人的神们
were basically renamed Etruscan deities. Yet there were
也基本被改名为伊特鲁利亚人的神们
more sources of Greek influence. Even before the first
但是更多是受希腊的影响
little settlements on the hills, which became Rome,
甚至在落脚于山上前，这后来变成了罗马
the Greeks had been quite active in colonizing Sicily
希腊人已经很积极地在殖民西西里岛
and southern Italy. Rome traded and fought with
和意大利南部，罗马与说希腊语的意大利城市
Greek-speaking Italian cities to the south, and may well
交易，斗争，一路向南，也许还和
have had dealings with mainland Greece too,although not
希腊大陆打过交道
everyone believes this to be a fact. Some say the Roman
虽然不是所有人都相信这点
sent a fact finding mission to Greece before drafting
有人说在公元前45年起草第十二代码表??
the Code of XII Tables around four fifty BC.Yet,even then, the Romans were not above holding a little bit
以前罗马派出使团前往希腊但是甚至在那时，罗马人也没有一点点怨恨
of resentment. Note that the Romans particularly
注意到罗马人特别
cherished the myth about Aeneas founding Rome precisely
对埃涅阿斯找到罗马这个神话有感情
because he was not just a Trojan hero of divine lineage
因为他不只是一个有神圣血统的特洛伊英雄
it was because he was a Trojan as opposed to a Greek.
还因为他是反对希腊的一个特洛伊人
