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Thank you for coming it was the inspired thought of the organisers of the conference to start off with student presentations.
感谢诸位光临 以学生报告作为开场 的想法是由会议组织者 提出的
So that means that my job is to stay out of the way and keep time.
所以我今天就把讲台留给他们 我会在下面为他们计时
We're going to begin with Sam Brody with commentary and then move on to Garret Ordow so it's my pleasure to introduce Sam Brody.
第一位报告的同学是Sam Brody 之后会有点评 接着是Garrret Ordow 欢迎Sam
Thank you. OK. I don't think I'll need that anyway.
谢谢您 不过我想我不需要这个
When Bush administration representatives are questioned about torture, the usual response is to condemn torture an general while denying or refusing to give an opinion
当布什政府的代表被问及虐囚的事情时 最普遍的反应原则就是谴责这种行为 然而拒绝回答某种具体的
about whether some specific practice such as water boarding can be classified as torture.
行为如水刑究竟算不算是 虐待
When supporters of the bush administration's conduct of the war on terror are challenged on the issue of torture;
当支持布什政府进行反恐战争 的人们被问及关于虐囚的问题时
one popular response it to raise the possibility of a radically exceptional case in which torture would be justified,
一种很流行的回应就是提出极端例外 的可能性 以此为虐囚行为
usually the ticking time bomb case, or one that resembles it and thus to challenge the challenger in turn.
进行开脱 比如说 爆炸 或者通过类似行为 以期抵抗反恐战争
Both of these strategies; the exclusion of particular cases from a vague general definition of torture or the creation of a paradigmatic exception that could justify torture, are good examples of casuistry.
以上提及的两种反应 一种是将某些 行为不算做虐待 另一种是 提出范式上的例外情况 为虐待 开脱 都是诡辩的很好的样本
The case based contextual form of reasoning that it that is characteristic of legal reasoning in general.
基于个别案例的推论是 法学推理的普遍形式
Given the employment of casuistry in defence of torture and given the administration's willingness to disregard existing legal scriptures that prohibit torture,
基于为虐待 辩护而做出的诡辩 同时还有政府对现存的禁止虐待
as demonstrated by the former attorney general Alberto Gonzales that some conditions of the third Geneva Convention are obsolete and quaint.
的法律条文的忽视 这已经被前任 大法官Alberto Gonzales 所作声明日内瓦公约第三条 已经无效所证明
