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I started both of these studies because they were interesting research questions
我进行这些研究，不仅是因为它们很有趣
but they both became very personal issues for me
还因为这也是我的个人问题
as I thought about my own health and the health of my family as well
我要考虑自己同家人的健康
So, let's start with this question
从这个问题开始吧
What is the leading cause of death among women in the US?
美国女性死亡的最大致死原因是什么
I know hopefully you all know this that it is heart disease and stroke
但愿你们都知道答案是心脏病和中风
We are doing a better job educating women about the importance of heart disease and stroke
关于心脏病和中风的重要性对女性的教育工作，已经比原来好多了
In this graph, you can see on the far left up your screen
从图中最左侧可以看到
that the number of women who correctly answer this question has gone up
能够正确回答该问题的女性人数明显增加
And it's about at 55% of women
大约有55%的女性
correctly identify heart disease and stroke as the leading cause of death
正确认识到心脏病和中风是主要致死原因
There's a long way to go. This is about 50%, right?
还有很长的路要走，只有50%
More women recognize that heart disease and stroke is the leading cause of death among men
更多女性认为心脏病和中风是男性的最主要死因
So there's still a way to go from this
所以说，还有很长的路要走
being perceived as a men's only disease to really women recognizing this is a set of diseases
需要让女性意识到这种疾病不只是男性专有的，
that are issued for them as well
它对女性同样重要
The numbers are a little lower when we think about women correctly identifying the levels of these important risk factors for cardiovascular disease
女性中，能正确了解这些心血管疾病重要危险因素的人数就更少了
blood pressure
血压
HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and blood sugar
HDL胆固醇 LDL胆固醇及血糖
are all important factors that play into your risk for cardiovascular disease
这些都是心血管疾病相关的重要因素
And far fewer women know the correct levels of the levels we should be aiming for here
更少有女性知道应该保持怎样的正确水平
So we talked a little bit about these risk factors
以上简要说了下危险因素
all factors that play into your likelihood of developing a heart disease or stroke
这些因素都与心脑血管疾病发病率密切相关
It's nice to know that some of these risk factors are actually on the decline in the US
在美国，其中一些危险因素正呈下降趋势
So there is some good news here
这是很好的消息
There are these graphs show trends over time in these risk factors
这是部分危险因素的趋势图
and you can see here
可以看到
that we have fewer smokers in the US than we had in the past
美国的烟民比原来少些了
And we've had lower levels of cholesterol than we've had in the past
胆固醇水平比原来低很多了
So from the perspective of how we're doing on a population level
就人口总体水平而言
we have many more people who have better levels of cholesterol and who are non-smokers
胆固醇水平改善，吸烟者减少
The bad news is that other risk factors have actually started to go up
坏消息是，其它风险因素正在上升
We have more diabetes. Many, many more men and women have diabetes
越来越多的人患有糖尿病，包括男性和女性
Women can have diabetes at any age
女性任何年龄都能患糖尿病
And the ages at the start of type 2 diabetes are moving to younger ages
2型糖尿病呈现出年轻化趋势
So we're starting to see this in teenagers as well
十几岁的青少年都开始患病
Women are at risk of diabetes
女性存在糖尿病风险
or blood sugar problems during pregnancy which is called gestational diabetes
怀孕期间血糖问题被称作妊娠糖尿病
and that puts them at risk for having a future diabetes as well even after the pregnancy ends
这让女性生产后，有继续患糖尿病的风险
and up to 10% of pregnancies are associated with gestational diabetes
大概10%的怀孕都伴有妊娠糖尿病
