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And so studies in controlled settings show that
受控研究显示
Your taste receptors for salty foods get up-regulated the more salty food you eat
吃得较咸，味觉感受器习惯水平会上调
and as you start to eat less salty food, they get down-regulated
一旦吃得不那么咸，则习惯水平又会下调
and you start to expect that food tastes less salty
此时，你会习惯比较淡的食物
This process actually happens pretty quickly
这个过程很快
So six weeks it takes to down-regulate the salt receptors
六周就能下调食盐味觉感受
And I want you to picture this because
希望大家能够明白
One of the themes that those of us who have been thinking about this have come to is that
正因为这种现象
it is probably not the right thing to counsel people to make very dramatic, drastic changes in their salt intake
不要建议人们快速大幅减少盐摄取
It's probably better to counsel people to move slowly over time
让他们慢慢减少会更好
Because over time they are likely to get to lower levels of salt intake without noticing much different in the taste of the foods
随着时间推移，他们能降低盐摄取水平，且不察觉味道差异
Salt is related to the weight of the foods. So we've learned that
盐还和食物重量有关
in the Institute of Medicine report on this topic that it is
医学研究院报告显示
a more common practice now to inject foods like chicken with salty water
现在往鸡中注射盐水越来越普遍
Because salt draws water and it makes the chicken weight more
因为盐吸水，让鸡更重
Because there's more water in that chicken
鸡中有更多水
So even before you started cooking it, there is already salt in that chicken
也就是说，烹饪之前，鸡肉中就已经有盐了
Salt is of course related to thirst
盐还能让人口渴
And related to the need for more beverages if you've sat at a bar or restaurant
酒吧或餐馆中
you know the salty chips or nuts and part of the incentive there is order more beverages
会有一些咸薯条和坚果让你口渴了，买他们的酒水
So lowering dietary salt could lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk
膳食中降低盐摄取，能够降低血压和心脏病风险
Despite this fact, we're all consuming way too much salt and our intake has been on the rise
虽然如此，人们的盐摄取量很大而且还在增加
And because salt is already added to the foods that most of us eat
由于盐很多是早就加入到食品中的
it's hard for any individual to make change easily
个人很难改变这种状况
And that is why there is a growing interest in movement into thinking of salt as the public health target
所以需要在公共健康领域进行积极活动
And thinking how we can work directly with manufacturers of food
想办法直接影响到食品生产商
to get them to lower salt that's already added to the foods
让他们在食品中少加盐
This is a study that we did looking at what might be the effects of such efforts
这是我们关于类似尝试结果的研究
We asked, what if we could lower salt in the food supply in the US by about 3 g
问题是，如果美国食品供应中盐含量降低3克/天
so that the intake would be lower by about 3 g per day?
人们的盐摄取量降低3克/天，情况会如何
Now, 3 g is half a teaspoon of salt
3克是半茶匙的量
It means all of us would eat on average half a teaspoon less of salt a day
这意味着，所有人每天少摄入半茶匙的盐
Remember if you're a man, you started at 10.4
记得吧，男性现在是10.4克/天
and if we lowered you by 3, you're at 7.4
减少3克，就是7.4克
If you're a woman, you started at 7.3. We've gotten you down to 4.3
女性现在是7.3克，减少后就是4.3克
None of those numbers are really in the guidelines range.You still have a way to go
这些都还没达到指导水平。还需要减
