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I think more interesting to me has been the link to other types of things like diabetes
在我看来，更有趣的是含糖饮料同糖尿病之间的关联
This is evidence from the nurses health study, a study of nearly 100,000 women who were followed for 8 year
这是来自看护健康研究的数据，研究了接近10万女性，跟踪8年
In this study, the risk of diabetes was doubled in those who consumed greater than one drink a day compared to those who consumed less than one drink a month
研究显示，就糖尿病风险而言，每天饮用超过一次含糖饮料的女性患病几率是每月饮用少于一次者的两倍
And the most striking thing here was, this wasn't related to weight gain
更让人惊奇的是，这独立于体重增加
That even after you controlled how much weight
即便是控制住了体重
Difference there was between women who were high consumers of sugary beverages and women who were low consumers of sugary beverages
仅仅含糖饮料饮用量的不同就会让患病率变化
The diabetes risk was independent of the weight gain
糖尿病患病风险独立于体重增加
And many people have really done some nice basic science and physiological work suggesting that it might be high fructose corn syrup
还有很多人进行了很棒的基础生理学研究结果显示高果糖玉米糖浆
other things in these beverages that are really related to diabetes risk independent of the effects of weight gain
这些饮料中的其它成分，对糖尿病影响很大，独立于体重增加
Here's what's happened to the price of all of these substances over time
这里是这些饮品价格随时间变化的趋势
You'll see at the bottom of this price index is carbonated beverages
最下方碳酸饮料的价格指数
So as I counsel my patients to eat more fruits and vegetables
我总建议我的患者多吃水果和蔬菜
Eating more fruits and vegetables are costing my patients and are costing me more money, because those prices have risen over time
不过水果和蔬菜价格显然更高，价格随时间上升更快
Strikingly the cost of sodas has really stayed remarkably flat
相比之下，汽水的价格变化非常平缓
And I think this cost differential has led many people to suggest that we should really try to think about shifting people's patterns of behavior by looking at the costs here
这里的价格差异让学界认为应该通过价格来改变人们的行为模式
So this is the rationale behind tax policy
税收政策的想法就是从此而来
That's been proposed here in California and many other proposals nationally as well
不管是加利福尼亚还是全国其它地方
This is a proposal for an excise tax leveled at the point of the supply chain making manufacturers, bottlers, or distributors responsible for paying the tax
都有议案，要求在供应链层面收税让生产商，灌装商，分销商交税
So they're responsible for paying, meaning they're gonna give the cost back to us in the terms of higher cost of the beverage
他们会将税钱转嫁给消费者，这就增加了饮料成本
This tax, it's estimated, will amount to about a penny per ounce increase in the cost of these beverages
据估计，该税收会导致饮料中1美分/盎司的成本增加
So putting into the cost of a soda by 15 to 20% depending on the size of the soda
总体来看，会让汽水价格增加15-20%
and the projections from the economist is that this type of tax would actually decrease consumption by about 8 to 10%
经济学家预测这类税收会减少8-10%的消费量
