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You know, a second sort of,
第二个--
the sort of several different characteristics of these monopoly businesses, that I like to focus on.
我喜欢研究垄断企业的特点
There's probably no sort of single formula to it.
很难用一个公式来描述它们
I also ways think that that in technology there is always a sense that you know,
我一直认为，在科技领域
the history of technology is such that every.
纵观整个科技史
Every moment happens only once, so you know the next Mark Zuckerberg won't build a social network.
每个时刻都是无法复制的，因此，下一个“马克·扎克伯格”肯定不是做社交网络的
The next Larry Page won't be building a search engine.
下一个“拉里·佩奇”肯定不是做搜索引擎的
The next Bill Gates won't be building an operating system.
下一个“比尔·盖茨”肯定也不是做操作系统的
And if you're copying these people, you're not learning from them.
如果你只是模仿这些人，是无法企及他们成就的
But it's, and so, there is always these very unique businesses
因此，只有那些
that are doing something that's not been done before, end up, end of having the potential to be a monopoly.
做着前无古人的事情的公司，才有成为垄断企业的潜力
The opening line in Anna Karenina that all happy companies, sorry, all happy families.
打开《安娜·卡列宁娜》看到的第一句话就是，幸福的公司，啊不对，幸福的家庭
All happy families are alike.
总是相似的
All unhappy families are unhappy in their own special way.
而不幸的家庭则各有各的不幸
And the opposite is true in business, where I think all happy companies are different
在商业领域则刚好相反，成功的公司
because they're doing something very unique.
各有其独特之处
All unhappy companies are alike because they fail to escape the essential sameness that is competition,
而失败的公司都极其相似，因为它们都没有躲过同样的问题，那就是竞争
and so one sort of characteristic of a monopoly technology company is some sort of proprietary technology.
垄断公司的其中一个重要特征就是它们某种程度上垄断了专利技术
