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Along with the land itself Byzantine also lost populations and tax revenues.
拜占庭不仅丢失了领土，还流失了人口和税收。
In the 12 century economic threats rose in the West
12世纪来自西方的经济威胁渐盛，
as rising Italian Naval powers like Venice and Genoa started cutting Byzantine Empire out of Eastern markets.
兴起的海上意大利城市如威尼斯和热那亚也开始把拜占庭挤出东部市场。
In 1204 AD the Western Crusades nearly ended the Byzantine Empire two and a half centuries early.
1204年 西方十字军让拜占庭帝国的灭亡至少提前了两个半世纪。
The Crusaders captured and sacked Constantinople and set up a Latin speaking Catholic Kingdom.
十字军占领并洗劫了君士坦丁堡，在这里建立了讲拉丁语的天主教国家。
But Greek speaking Emperors hang on in a remote corner of Greece maintaining the tradition of the Romaioi.
但是按照罗马人的传统，讲希腊语的君主继续据守在希腊的一个偏远角落。
Until their Empire struck back and re-took back Constantinople in 1261 AD.
直到进行反攻并在1261年收复君士坦丁堡。
The time period from 1261 until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 was known as the late Byzantine Empire. it could also be called The Long Decline.
从1261年到1453年君士坦丁堡覆灭这段时间被称作后拜占庭帝国，也可以被称为漫长的没落。
Both the internal and the external causes resembled the decline experienced East earlier by the Roman Western Empire.
内忧和外患的状况使拜占庭的覆灭和早先西罗马帝国的覆灭非常相似。
In fact the Byzantine Empire became not so much an Empire or even a State,
事实上 拜占庭帝国已经不太像是一个帝国或者一个国家，
but rather a small Kingdom controlling the Metropolis of Constantinople and some surrounding territories.
而更像是一个控制着君士坦丁堡和其周围领地的小国度。
The rich grew richer, the poor grew poorer but neither became more numerous.
富有的人愈加富有，贫穷的人愈加贫穷，但人口却没有增长。
As a Byzantine population shrank right along with its territory.
拜占庭的人口随着人口的流失也在不断减少。
