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They compared a group of school children who live in a very remote agricultural village in Boulpon in Burkina Faso
一组儿童居住在布基纳法索偏远的农村Boulpon
which was previously called Upper Volta, for those of you who haven't check the map for 20 years, But
布基纳法索原名叫上沃尔特，这是20年前的叫法
this is a very, very remote village. You can see the map down there
这是一个很偏僻的村子，左下角有地图
It's quite far from Ouagadougou, Has anyone in the room ever been to Ouagadougou
它离首都瓦加杜古有点远，有人去过瓦加杜古吗
Alright, great. Have you been to Boulpon
很好，你去过Boulpon吗
Okay. Great. It's pretty remote but even Ouagadougou, as you know, is not most of the sophisticated places
很好，它很偏远，就算瓦加杜古也不能算很发达
And what they did was they compare these children and these were all healthy children
研究者将Boulpon的健康孩子
to children who were living in downtown Florence middle class, kids living in downtown Florence Italy, Cause they were Italian researchers
同佛罗伦萨中产阶级的孩子进行对比，意大利佛罗伦萨的城里孩子，因为研究者来自意大利
And the kids in Florence were going to school
佛罗伦萨的孩子要上学
and probably eating a diet that's not too different these days from the diet the kids in the United States eat
他们吃的东西应该和美国孩子差不多
I don't know if you've been following it but you know, in urban areas in Europe
不知道你们了不了解，欧洲的城市地区
they're having the same explosion of heart disease and obesity and all the problems that we're having here in United States
心脏病和肥胖症等疾病和美国同样高发
What they did from these two groups of kids was a collected their bowel movements
研究者对比了两组孩子的肠内活动
They collected their feces, okay, and they study them for bacteria
采集孩子的粪便，研究其中的细菌
And this is something that they couldn't have done even 10 years ago
这在10年前还无法做到
because it was actually that they did DNA sequencing on their bacteria in the feces to actually see what the colonies were
因为这需要对细菌进行DNA测序
And what they found was really, really striking, Ok
结果非常非常惊人
