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And I think the thing that's actually rare, are the success cases.
成功的例子实际上非常少
Most the, so it's actually unique when you really think about the history in this, in this 250 year sweep,
纵观近250年的历史，很多实际上
it's unusual, Y is almost always zero percent. It's always zero in science.
Y值几乎都是0。科学上Y是0
It's almost always in technology, and so it's very rare where people made money.
技术上也好不到哪去，因此很少有人能赚钱
You know, the early, the late 18th, early 19th century,
在18世纪末19世纪初
the first industrial revolution was textile mills, steam engine, the sort of automated things.
第一次工业革命期间出现了诸如纺织厂，蒸汽机一类的自动化进步
And you had these relentless improvements, that people improved efficiency of textile factories, manufacturing generally.
通过这些持续的进步，人们提高了纺织厂和制造业的工作效率
At a clip of 5 to 7% every year. Year after year, decade after decade.
每年差不多有5%到7%的增长，持续了好几十年
You had 60, 70 years of tremendous improvement from 1780 to 1850.
从1780年到1850年，发生了巨大的改变
But even in 1850, most of the wealth in Britain was still held by the landed aristocracy.
但即使在1850年，英国绝大多数的财富还是被土地贵族把持着
The workers didn't, you know, the workers didn't make that much, the capitalists didn't make that much either.
工人没有挣到多少钱，资本家也是一样
It was all competed away. There were hundreds of people running textiles factories.
钱都在竞争中流失了。当时有几百人开纺织厂
It was an industry that just, the structure of the competition prevented people from making any money.
这个产业--由于竞争激烈，所以赚不到钱
