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In which individual Russ city states were passed not from father to son but from older brother to the next older brother.
每个俄罗斯城邦不可以父亲传给儿子而是长兄传给下一位长兄。
Unfortunately this royal game of musical chairs made Diocletian's concept of the Tetrarchy look simple by comparison.
不幸的是，这种皇室你争我夺的游戏使戴克里先四头统治的观念相比之下就简单了。
Needless to say it did not long survive Yaroslavl's death.
不必说，这套程序与雅罗斯拉夫一起消亡了。
Kiev and Russ society at its high point contained the seeds of its decline.
盛极一时的基辅和俄罗斯社会已经有了衰落的苗头。
Officially Yaroslavl's Ruskaya Pravda ensured the rule of law.
雅罗斯拉夫的雅罗斯拉夫法典确保了法律的规定，
It was in fact comparatively liberal in that it didn't resort to the death penalty.
事实上相对宽松，它没有诉诸死刑。
But the justice it ensured was far from equal.
但是它保证的公正却不平等。
The higher an individual's social status the greater the penalty for doing him wrong.
一个人的社会地位越高，因为错判，受到的刑罚就越严重。
The peasants were divided into serfs or free peasants.
农民分成了农奴和自由农民。
Tsar coops, debt slaves and Hoolps born slaves.
沙皇囚犯欠债奴隶以及生来就是奴隶的人。
The free peasants lived in a community called Meer where they took collective responsibility for production.
自由农民可以生活在叫米尔的地方，他们承担生产的集体责任。
And for paying their rent to the noble landowners.
支付租金给贵族地主。
The noble class was responsible for providing the Prince or Grand Prince with money and military manpower.
贵族阶层就负责给王公或大公提供钱或者部队。
The most powerful nobles are Boyars constantly struggle to maintain their position with the Grand Princes.
最有实力的贵族要数波雅尔来维持和大公一样的地位。
As a result the Boyars basically saw the peasants as cheap disposable labor and treated as little bit better than smerts.
所以波雅尔阶层视农民低贱，可以处置的劳动力只觉得他们比农奴好一点。
