【新闻精讲】

Air-quality indices make pollution seem less bad than it is.
空气质量指数粉饰了空气污染情况。
air quality 空气质量
It's unclear whether government vehicles have a huge negative impact on Beijing's air quality.
目前尚不清楚政府公车是否对北京空气质量产生了非常严重的负面影响。
Make sth do
造成，（to cause someone or something to do something）
She always makes me laugh.
Nothing will make me change my mind.
Indices index 指数的复数形式

Smoking a whole packet of cigarettes in a day once or twice a year would certainly make someone feel ill, but probably would not kill him.
一天抽完一整包烟，一年这么抽个一两天，必然会让人感觉不适，但也许还不足以致命。
Smoking even one cigarette every day for decades, though, might do so.
但如果每天抽一支，数十年如一日下去，就可能会让你丧命了。
so
“这样的”，替代作用，有关的形容词，动词和动词，一般是可以替代前文中内容
We shall report next week if there is sufficient demand and, if so, when the launch meeting will take place.

That is the difference between acute and chronic exposure, and it is a difference most people understand.
这就是急性暴露和慢性暴露的区别，大多数人都能理解这两者的不同之处。
acute
1. 急性的：发作快且持续时间短但发病过程剧烈的：
acute disease.急性病
2. 敏锐的：知觉敏锐的或有辨别能力的；聪明的：= sharp
“a raw, chilling and psychologically acute novel of human passions reduced to their deadliest essence”(&b{Literary Guild Magazine})
“一部不加雕琢，令人不寒而栗并且心理敏锐的小说，反应了人类激情沦为其最致命本质”(文学协会杂志)
chronic
长期的；持续的：
chronic money problems. 长期的金钱困扰

What they may not understand is that the same thing applies to air pollution.
但是同样的情况放到空气污染上，他们可能就没弄明白了。
Apply
1. 应用；把…应用于：投入或应用于一项特定用途：
applies all her money to her mortgage. 将她所有的钱都用来付抵押贷款
2. 适用，涉及：
a rule that applies to everyone. 适用于每个人的规则
3, 提出申请：请求或寻求帮助、职业或入学：=resort
will apply to college.申请入大学
Appliance
器具，用具，尤指如家庭用烤箱的电器设备= tool
He could also learn to use the vacuum cleaner, the washing machine and other household appliances.

On a day-to-day basis, the forecasts most cities offer turn red only when pollution levels rise to a point where they will cause immediate discomfort.
大多数城市的每日天气预报里，只有当空气污染达到能让人当即感到不适的程度时，才会出现红色的警示。
Basis 原则
Fore-
1. 预先
Forecast预示，Foretell 预示， forebode 预兆
2. 前
Forecourt前院; 前场; 前庭 forefather 祖先 forebrain 前脑
immediate 立即
gave me an immediate response. 马上给我答复

That makes sense, for it lets people such as asthmatics take appropriate action.
这些警示有一定的作用，可以供如哮喘病一类的患者因时制宜。
Make sense
合理 （to be reasonable）
This deal clearly makes sense in the long term.
Asthmatic 哮喘
Appropriate
1. 合适地
Dress appropriately and ask intelligent questions.
2. 拨出，拨出作特殊用途：
appropriating funds for education., 拨款作教育基金
3. 挪用，窃用：为自己独自占有或使用，常未经许可：
Lee appropriated my unread newspaper and never returned it.
李擅自拿走我尚未阅读的报纸并从不归还

But it might also lead the unwary to assume, if most days in the place he inhabits are green, that the air he is breathing is basically safe.
但也会让没有戒备心的人误以为，既然当地绝大多数时候空气质量状况指标为绿色，那么他们呼吸的空气基本上就是安全无害的。
Unwary
松懈的：对危险或欺诈不敏感（或不防范）的
With its quicksands the river usually drowns a few unwary visitors every season.
由于有流沙，河流每季度都能淹死一些松懈的参观者
Wary
警戒的；警惕的：
taught to be wary of strangers. 被教知提防陌生人
Inhabit 居住地
Inhibit 阻止

This may well not be the case.
但事实很可能并非如此。
In London, for example, a study published last year by researchers at King’s College suggested air pollution shortens the city’s inhabitants’ lives by nine to 16 months.
比如在伦敦，国王学院的研究人员去年发表的一项研究称，空气污染会使伦敦居民的寿命减少9至16个月。
Shorten
减少，缩短
= abbreviate, abridge, curtail, truncate
The trading day is shortened in observance of the Labor Day holiday.

To investigate the matter, The Economist crunched a year’s worth of data collected from May 2015 onwards in 15 big cities.
为了探明究竟，《经济学人》杂志用电脑处理了来自15个大城市于2015年5月开始收集、为期一年的数据量。
Matter
1. 事物：关心、感情或行为的承受者：subject
matters of foreign policy; a personal matter.
外交政策的问题；私事
2. 麻烦，困难：
What's the matter with your car? 你的车出什么毛病了?
crunch
处理，数学上的数字处理
crunch numbers
worth of
数量
five pounds worth of petrol.
Onward
1. 时间点开始时
From the turn of the century onward, she shared the life of the aborigines.
从本世纪开始，她就和土著生活在一起
2. 前进
The most important thing now is to move onwards.


They were gathered by Plume Labs, a firm based in Paris, which uses them to produce a commercial air-quality app.
这些数据由巴黎的Plume Lab公司收集，并用于制作一款商业化的空气质量应用软件。
Gather
1. 收集 = collect
I suggest we gather enough firewood to last the night.
2. 聚集=congregate
In the evenings, we gathered around the fireplace and talked.
Commercial
商业的：商业的或与商业有关的：
a commercial loan; 商业贷款；

The three pollutants of most concern in rich countries are nitrogen dioxide (NO2, a brownish gas emitted by car exhausts, and particularly by diesels) , ozone (a triatomic form of oxygen that irritates lungs) and soot-particles smaller than 2.5 microns across (which makes them tiny enough to get deep into the lungs) .
在富裕国家，最引人担忧的三种污染物分别是二氧化氮 (NO2，汽车——特别是柴油汽车尾气中的一种棕色气体) 、臭氧 (分子由三个氧原子构成，对肺部有危害) 以及截面直径小于2.5微米的烟尘颗粒 (体积微小，可以深入肺部)。
Emit
释放：给出或放出物质或能量：
a stove emitting heat.
发出热量的炉子
Exhaust
用完，耗尽：逐渐消耗资源或财务；使竭：=deplete
tobacco crops that exhausted the soil.
消耗土壤肥力的烟草
Diesel
柴油机
Tri- 三
Triatomic 三原子， triangular三角形， triaxial，三元坐标轴
另外，tribe 部落，trial, 实验
Irritate
1. 胃炎
2. 激怒：激起不耐烦或愤怒；使恼恨：= annoy
a loud bossy voice that irritates listeners.让听者恼火的一个又大又专横的声音
Soot
煤烟：由于煤炭、油、木材或其他燃料的不完全燃烧而产生的精细黑色颗粒，主要由碳组成

These pollutants can cause a variety of medical difficulties, including asthma, heart disease, lung cancer and stunted lung growth in children.
这些污染物会造成一系列的医疗难题，包括哮喘、心脏病、肺癌和儿童肺部的发育不良。
Variety
1. 种类 = type, kind
2. 多样性
Susan's idea of freedom was to have variety in her life style.
heart disease 心脏病
例句:It reduces the risks of heart disease.这降低了患心脏病的风险。
Stunt
阻止生长
High interest rates have stunted economic growth.