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万物简史(MP3+中英字幕) 第210期:威力巨大的原子(24)

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To explain what kept atoms together, other forces were needed, and in the 1930s two were discovered: the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force. The strong force binds atoms together; its what allows protons to bed down together in the nucleus. The weak force engages in more miscellaneous tasks, mostly to do with controlling the rates of certain sorts of radioactive decay.

为了解释是什么把原子拢在一起,你就需要有别的力。20世纪30年代发现了两种:强核力和弱核力。强核力把原子捆在一起,是它将质子拢在原子核里;弱核力从事各种工作,主要与控制某种放射衰变的速率有关。
原子团簇

The weak nuclear force, despite its name, is ten billion billion billion times stronger than gravity, and the strong nuclear force is more powerful still—vastly so, in fact—but their influence extends to only the tiniest distances. The grip of the strong force reaches out only to about 1/100,000 of the diameter of an atom. Thats why the nuclei of atoms are so compacted and dense and why elements with big, crowded nuclei tend to be so unstable: the strong force just cant hold on to all the protons.

弱核力尽管叫做弱核力,它比万有引力要强1亿亿倍;强核力比这还要强──实际上要强得多──但它的影响只传到极小的距离。强核力的影响只能传到原子直径的大约十万分之一的地方。这就是原子核的体积如此之小、密度如此之大的原因,也是原子核又大又多的元素往往很不稳定的原因:强核力无法抓住所有的质子。
The upshot of all this is that physics ended up with two bodies of laws—one for the world of the very small, one for the universe at large—leading quite separate lives.
结果,物理学最后有了两套规律──一套用来解释小世界,一套用来解释大宇宙──各过各的日子。

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diameter [dai'æmitə]

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n. 直径

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cant [kænt]

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n. 倾斜,斜面,斜角 n. 伪善之言,黑话 v. (使

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certain ['sə:tn]

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adj. 确定的,必然的,特定的
pron.

 
tend [tend]

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v. 趋向,易于,照料,护理

 
decay [di'kei]

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v. (使)衰退,(使)腐败,腐烂
n. 衰退

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nucleus ['nju:kliəs]

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n. 核,核心,细胞核,原子核

 
universe ['ju:nivə:s]

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n. 宇宙,万物,世界

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gravity ['græviti]

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n. 重力,严重,庄重,严肃

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unstable ['ʌn'steibl]

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adj. 不稳定的,易变的

 
separate ['sepəreit]

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n. 分开,抽印本
adj. 分开的,各自的,

 

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