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Let's start with the backbone of the problem, literally.
让我们先来看看脊椎部分。
Your spine is a long structure made of bones and the cartilage discs that sit between them.
你的脊椎是一个长形的结构，骨骼和软骨交错其中。
Joints, muscles and ligaments that are attached to the bones hold it all together.
附着在骨骼上的关节，肌肉和韧带把它们紧紧地连结在一起。
A common way of sitting is with a curved back and slumped shoulders,
最常见的坐姿是弯着的背和下榻的肩膀，
a position that puts uneven pressure on your spine.
这个姿势往往给你的脊椎施加了不平均的压力。
Over time, this causes wear and tear in your spinal discs, overworks certain ligaments and joints,
日积月累，它会磨损你的腰间盘，使一些关节和肌肉过度劳损，
and puts strain on muscles that stretch to accommodate your back's curved position.
肌肉也紧绷着去迎合弯曲的背部。
This hunched shape also shrinks your chest cavity while you sit,
驼背坐着同时也缩小了你胸腔的空间，
meaning your lungs have less space to expand into when you breath.
这意味着，呼吸时肺部舒张没有足够的空间。
That's a problem because it temporarily limits the amount of oxygen that fills your lungs and filters into your blood.
这样就形成了一个问题，因为它暂时性地限制了填充肺部和滤进血液里的氧气容量。
Around the skeleton are the muscles, nerves, arteries and veins that form the body's soft tissue layers.
骨架的周围都是肌肉，神经，和动静脉，形成了人体的软组织层。
The very act of sitting squashes, pressurizes and compresses, and these more delicate tissues really feel the brunt.
这种坐姿，无时无刻不在向身体施加压力，而这些更为精细的组织真实地感受到了这种冲击。
Have you ever experienced numbness and swelling in your limbs when you sit?
当你久坐的时候，你有过四肢肿胀或者肢体麻木的感觉吗？
In areas that are the most compressed, your nerves, arteries and veins can become blocked,
这是因为在那些被挤压的最厉害的部位，你的神经，动脉和血管会慢慢堵塞，
which limits nerve signaling, causing the numbness, and reduces blood flow in your limbs, causing them to swell.
这阻断了神经信号的传导，引起麻木；并且这种堵塞减缓了你肢体中血液流动的速度，使你四肢肿胀。
Sitting for long periods also temporarily deactivates lipoprotein lipase,
同时，长时间的坐着会导致脂蛋白脂肪酶暂时性失效，
a special enzyme in the walls of blood capillaries that breaks down fats in the blood,
这是一种存在于毛细血管壁中降低血液中脂肪含量的一种特殊酵素。
so when you sit, you're not burning fat nearly as well as when you move around.
所以当你坐着的时候，你的体内几乎没有像你活动时那样分解脂肪。
What effect does all of this stasis have on the brain?
这种停滞和郁积对人的大脑又有什么影响呢？
