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Chapter 31
第31章
Beginning of the antislavery agitation
反奴隶制运动的开始
323. Growth of Slavery in the South.
323．奴隶制在南方的发展
South of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio River slavery had increased greatly since 1787. Washington, Jefferson, Henry, and other great Virginians were opposed to the slave system. But they could find no way to end it, even in Virginia. The South Carolinians and Georgians fought every proposition to limit slavery. They even refused to come into the Union unless they were given representation in Congress for a portion at least of their slaves. And in the first Congress under the Constitution they opposed bitterly every proposal to limit slavery. Then came Whitney's invention of the cotton gin. That at once made slave labor vastly more profitable in the cotton states and put an end to all hopes of peaceful emancipation in the South.
自1787年以来，奴隶制在宾夕法尼亚州和俄亥俄河以南得到很大发展，华盛顿、杰斐逊、亨利等弗吉尼亚人都反对奴隶制度，但是，他们没有办法结束奴隶制，即使对弗吉尼亚的奴隶制也是如此。南卡罗莱纳人和佐治亚人一直在反对所有关于限制奴隶制的提案，他们甚至要求给予他们的国会代表席位中至少有一部分是给奴隶的，如其不然，他们将拒绝加入联邦。并且，在按照宪法召开的第一次国会上他们强烈反对所有议案以限制奴隶制。后来，有了惠特尼发明的轧棉机，这立刻使得奴隶劳动力在产棉花的各州中产生更多的利益，并破灭了所有在南方和平释放奴隶的希望。
324. Rise of the Abolitionists.
324．废奴主义者的产生
About 1830 a new movement in favor of the negroes began. Some persons in the North, as, for example, William Ellery Channing, proposed that slaves should be set free, and their owners paid for their loss. They suggested that the money received from the sale of the public lands might be used in this way.
大约在1830年，一场支持黑人的新运动开始了，有的北方人（如威廉o艾丽瑞o钱宁）提出应该释放奴隶，并且由他们的主人赔偿奴隶的损失；他们提出出售国家土地得来的钱可以用于偿付这个损失，
