【新闻精讲】

Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone.
假设你从未尝过柠檬汽水，但你或许仍可以推测出柠檬汽水加糖比单喝柠檬汽水要好喝。
Image 猜想
例：I imagine you‘re referring to Lisa.
我猜你指的是丽莎。
Assume
1. 假设
例：It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar.
假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。
2. 接受 (权利、责任)
例：Mr. Cross will assume the role of CEO with a team of four directors.
克罗斯先生将担任由４位执行官组成的一个团队的首席执行官一职。

Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like.
因为你知道柠檬是什么味道，也知道糖是什么味道。
You can recall those past experiences, and make a prediction about your response to something new.
你可以回忆过去的经验，预测一下你对于新事物会有什么反应。
Recall
1. 记起; 回忆道(When you recall something, you remember it and tell others about it)
例：Henderson recalled that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
亨德森记起他是在一次去华盛顿出差的途中第一次与波拉德结识的。
2. 召回 (产品)
例：The company said it was recalling one of its drugs and had stopped selling two others.
该公司说它正在召回它的一种药品，而且已经停售了另外两种药品。

Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state "affective forecasting." And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it?
研究人员将这种预测未来情感状态的能力称为“情感预测”。一些研究人员认为这种能力是人类特有的。但是真的是这样吗？
Affective
感情的：受感情影响的或由感情引起的：
affective disorders.
情感性精神紊乱
be unique to 独有的；特有的；
例句：The custom is unique to the region.
这种风俗是这一地区特有的。

"We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan and the humans, to predict how such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other." Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc.
“我们将不同的液体混合，让猩猩和人类等参与者来预测这种新型液体的味道，以及他们偏爱哪种组合。”加布里埃拉•艾琳娜•索西尤克是隆德大学的认知科学家。
novel
新奇的
例：Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.
抗议者们找到一种新奇的示威方式来反对石油价格的飙升。
Cognitive 认知的 =》Recognize 认识
认识的：属于、描述、包括或有关认识的：
Thinking in terms of dualisms is common in our cognitive culture.
我们的认识文化通常具有两重性思考。

She and her colleagues offered their cocktails to a 21-year-old male Sumatran orangutan named Naong, who lives in Sweden's Furuvik Zoo.
她和同事将制作的混合液体给名为Naong的21岁雄性苏门达腊猩猩品尝，这只猩猩住在瑞典富鲁维克动物园。
Offer
1. 表示 (爱、友谊等)
例：The president has offered his sympathy to the Georgian people.
总统已对格鲁吉亚人民表示了同情。
2. 特价; 赠品
Today's special offer gives you a choice of three destinations.
今天的特惠为您提供3个可选目的地。
3. 出价
例：The real estate agents say no one else will make me an offer.
各房产中介说别人都不会给我出价了。

They used four ingredients—cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and diluted apple cider vinegar—which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another.
他们用了4种原料，分别是樱桃汁、大黄汁、柠檬汁和稀释的苹果醋，他们将这些原料和6种不常见的混合物组合起来。他们一共可以制成24种不同的饮料以进行比较。
Ingredient
原料
例：Mix in the remaining ingredients.
掺入剩下的原料。
Combine
使…结合; 结合（If you combine two or more things or if they combine, they exist together）
例：The Church has something to say on how to combine freedom with responsibility.
教会要讲一讲如何使自由和责任相结合。

Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choose from the two set before him. And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers' predictions: that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients.
Naong看着研究 人员混合饮料。然后它从自己面前的两排饮料中进行选择。在24次试验中，有21次Naong的选择和研究人员的预测一致：它会选择它比较喜欢的原料。
Match
和…相配
例："The shoes are too tight."—"Well, they do match your dress."
“这双鞋太紧了。” — “不过，它们确实和你的裙子相配。”
be based on 以…为基础；
例句：The book is based on personal experience.
本书是以个人经历为基础的。
Fondness 钟爱
例：I've always had a fondness for chocolate cake.
我一直对巧克力蛋糕情有独钟。

For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better than lemon juice, he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lemon-cherry juice—despite having had no experience with either.
比如，比起柠檬汁，它更喜欢大黄汁；比起柠檬樱桃汁，它更喜欢大黄樱桃汁，尽管它从未尝过这两款饮料。
"We were impressed with Naong's ability to be so consistent in his choices."
“我们对Naong如此一致的选择能力感到非常吃惊。”
Impress
1. 使钦佩
例：What impressed him most was their speed.
最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。
2. 使明白 (重要性或程度)
例：I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life. 我过去总是让孩子们明白，生活中如果他们努力就会成功。
3. 使留下印象
例：It didn't impress me as a good place to live. 那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。

From a statistical perspective, the orangutan data was indistinguishable from human data. Both species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no prior experience to guide their decision-making.
从统计数据来看，猩猩的数据和人类的数据没有区别。如果没有先前的经验对做决定进行指导，这两个物种对于未来的选择是一致的。
Perspective
思维方式; 看法
例：He says the death of his father 18 months ago has given him a new perspective on life.
他说１８个月前他父亲的去世使他对人生产生了新的看法。
Indistinguishable
难以区别的
例：Replica weapons are indistinguishable from the real thing.
仿真武器与真武器难以辨别。
Consistent
1. 始终如一的
例：Becker was never the most consistent of players anyway.
贝克尔不管怎么说从来就不是一个很稳定的球员。
2. 相符的
例：This result is consistent with the findings of Garnett & Tobin.
该结果与加尼特和托宾的发现相符合。
even if
即使；尽管；纵然；
例句：Even if you failed again, you shouldn't give up.
即使你再次失败,你也不应放弃。

"An ability which was previously thought to be uniquely human presumably has evolved earlier, so that it's shared with orangutans and presumably with chimpanzees as well."
“此前这种能力被视为人类所特有，而这种能力的进化时间可能要更早，所以猩猩也具有这种能力，而且可能黑猩猩同样有这样的能力。”
Evolve 进化（they gradually change and develop into different forms. ）
a tiny airline which eventually evolved into Pakistan International Airlines.
…最终发展成为巴基斯坦国际航空公司的一家小型航空公司
share with 共享；共有；合用；
例句：He shared with his friends in distress.
他和朋友共患难。

It's a single study with a single orangutan. But it may be that we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be the sole domain of our species. Perhaps what's truly unique about us is our ongoing quest to find something unique about us.
这是针对一头猩猩所做的单独实验。但是不久之后曾经被视为我们人类所特有的能力可能又会减少一项。也许我们人类真正独一无二的能力是我们可以继续寻找自身独特的事物。
Sole
惟一的
例：Their sole aim is to destabilize the Indian government.
他们的惟一目的是要动摇印度政府的统治。
Quest
搜寻; 探求
例：My quest for a better bank continues.
我继续在搜寻一家更好的银行。