评论
打印
After Filaret died in 1633, Mikhail flailed about on his own,
1633年菲拉列特逝世之后，米哈伊尔自己无法掌权
allowing the Zemsky Sobor to meet again, in trying to fend off raiding Tatar's from the south.
于是重新召集缙绅会议，设防防御南方鞑靼人的侵略
Mikhail's reign was not one of great achievements, but he lived up to the hopes placed in him when he was selected Tsar.
米哈伊尔的统治不算是成功，但是他还算是担起了作为一个沙皇应有的责任
He had left Russia strong and in good shape for his son and heir Alexei,
他留给后人和他的儿子，阿列克谢一个强大而健全的俄国
and he successfully founded the Romanov dynasty, which would rule Russia, sometimes well and sometimes not, for the next three centuries.
并且成功地建立了统治俄国的罗曼诺夫王朝，在接下来的三个世纪中经历了许多起伏
Like his father, Mikhail, Tsar Alexei ruled, 1645-1676, was personally devout and leaned upon his advisors for guidance.
像他的父亲米哈伊尔一样，沙皇阿列克谢，1645-1676年掌权，他非常诚恳地依靠他的近臣，听取他们的建议
The first of these, the Boyar Boris Morozov, was a faithful public servant who somehow incurred public distrust.
其中一个，波雅尔·鲍里斯·莫洛佐夫就是一个忠心耿耿的公仆，但是不知怎的曾引起公众的怀疑
The Moscow Salt Riots of 1648, in which even the Streltsy took the people's side forced Alexei to exile Morozov
1648年的莫斯科盐商暴动，就连俄罗斯骑兵都已经与人民站在一边，阿列克谢才不得不放逐莫洛佐夫
and buy back the Streltsy's loyalty, much as a Roman emperor would buy the loyalty of the Praetorian Guard.
这样才挽回了骑兵的忠诚，正如罗马皇帝需要禁卫队的忠诚一样
The Boyar's, sensing weakness, basically forced Alexei to grant a legal code called the Ulogenie.
波雅尔贵族们感觉到了这个沙皇的脆弱，基本上是逼迫阿列克谢颁布了一部叫做Ulogenie的法典，
The Ulogenie consolidated Russia's slaves and freed peasants into a new hereditary and unchangeable serf class.
这一法典巩固了俄罗斯的农奴制，用新的世袭制度把他们农奴的身份永远确立下来
