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Wow, Squeaks. That's a tricky riddle. Can you help me with it?
哇噢，Squeaks，这是个棘手的谜语，你能帮我猜猜吗？
What animal goes by seven different names over its life
什么动物一生中换七个不同的名字，
changes color from stripey to silver to red ...
它的颜色从条纹变到银色再变成红色...
lives in the river and the ocean and … what was the last clue, Squeaks?
生活在河流和海洋中...Squeaks，最后一条线索是什么？
That right, and is an AWESOME parent. Hmmm … Ok.
哦对，它们是伟大的父母。嗯嗯...噢！
Oh, is it a salmon? That's a good riddle, Squeaks!
噢，是鲑鱼吗？Squeaks，这个谜语很好。
Salmon are amazing animals, and they have one of the coolest life cycles—
鲑鱼是一种令人惊奇的动物，它们有一个最棒的生命周期，
Life circles are the changes they go through as they grow up and live their lives.
它们一生的成长过程中会经历各种改变。
You know how you were a baby once, and now you're a kid,
你知道自己是怎么从一个婴儿长成现在的孩子，
and someday you'll be a teenager, and then you'll be a grown-up?
然后再成为青少年，最后再成年的吗？
Well, salmon go by seven different names over their lives because there are seven different stages of their life cycle.
而鲑鱼一生经历的7个不同名字是因为生命周期中的7个不同阶段。
Like all fish, they start out as eggs.
和所有的鱼类一样，它们起初是卵状的。
That's the first thing they're called an egg.
所以它们最开始被称为卵。
In the fall, an adult female salmon lays her eggs.
在秋天，成熟的雌鲑鱼会产卵。
Salmon usually like to lay their eggs in moving water, like in a river or stream.
它们通常喜欢在河流或溪流等流水中产卵
The eggs stay in their safe little spot in the river all winter, and in the spring they hatch!
卵在整个冬天都待在它们安全的小窝，到了春天就开始孵化了。
At this stage, the baby fish are still attached to the yolks of their eggs for food and nutrients.
这个阶段，小鱼仍依赖卵黄来提供食物和营养。
This is when they get their second name: alevins.
这时它获得了第二个名字：小鲑鱼。
There are lots of different species of salmon, so depending on which kind of salmon they are,
鲑鱼有很多不同的种类，所以根据它们的类别，
The alevins spend a few weeks or a few months close to where they hatched
小鲑鱼会在它们的孵化地停留几周到几个月
until they grow big enough to move onto the next stage of their life.
直到它们长大到足以进入生命中的下一个阶段。
In a third stage of a salmon's life, it's called a fry.
在鲑鱼生命的第三个阶段，它们被称为鱼苗。
Now it's ready to eat real food and swim!
现在它们已经能吃真正的食物和游泳了。
The fry go on little adventures away from their nest, but they don't go very far—
这些鱼苗开始远离安乐窝去做小小的探险，但不会走得太远，
they stick to the stream they were born in.
它们仍坚守在出生所在的溪流。
By the end of the summer, fry grow into the fourth stage, when they're called parr.
夏末时，鱼苗步入第四个阶段，此时它们被称为幼鲑。
Parr are kind of like teenager salmon — almost grown up, but not quite.
幼鲑有点儿像少年鲑鱼——几近成年，却还未到。
Parr are still really small, but they're getting bigger.
幼鲑仍然很小，但已经长大了些。
They swim around their home stream and develop a special design on their scales
它们围着出生的小溪游动，而且鱼鳞上会长出一种特殊图案
to help them blend in and stay safe from other animals that might try to eat them.
以帮助它们融合与保护自身安全，防止被其它动物吃掉。
The parr continue to grow, and when they're ready to migrate away from their childhood home,
幼鲑仍在长大，当它们能够离开出生地时，
they lose that special pattern on their scales and become smolts.
它们鱼鳞上的特殊图案消失了，变成了银白化幼鱼。
Now they're in the fifth stage of their lives!
现在它们处于生命的第五个阶段。
This is when the young salmon leave their streams and head for bigger waters like rivers and lakes.
这时，它们离开溪流，奔向更大的水域——河流湖泊。
Depending on where they are, they follow the rivers all the way downstream to either the Pacific Ocean or the Atlantic Ocean.
根据它们的位置，它们会顺流而下抵达太平洋或大西洋。
Most salmon are born high in mountain streams, so it takes them a long time to get to the ocean!
大多数鲑鱼都出生在山涧溪流中，所以它们要花很长的时间才能到海里。
When the smolts start their journey, they still look a lot like parr,
当银白化幼鱼开始旅程时，它们仍然更像幼鲑。
but by the time they get to the water that joins the ocean, they're big and silver to blend into their new surroundings.
但当它们进入连接海洋的水流时，它们长大了，颜色也变为银色，以便融入新环境。
Now they get their sixth name of their life: they're adults!
现在它们进入到了生命的第六个阶段：它们成年了。
All different species of salmon live together in the ocean in big groups called schools.
所有不同种类的鲑鱼一同生活在海洋里，组成一个大鱼群。
And they can live there for a really long time—for up to 8 years!
它们要在这里生活很长一段时间，长达8年！
After they've lived their whole adult life in the ocean, something really amazing happens.
它们在海洋中度过整个成年时期后，神奇的事发生了。
It's time for the salmon to have babies.
到鲑鱼产卵的时间了。
This is when salmon enter their final stage of life, when they're known as spawning adults.
这时，鲑鱼进入到生命的最后阶段，被称为增殖的成熟鱼。
Spawning means they're about to lay or fertilize eggs.
增殖意味着要产卵或受精。
But do you remember what we said earlier, about where salmon eggs hatch?
但你记得我们先前说的，鲑鱼卵在哪儿孵化的吗？
That's right! Salmon are born in mountain streams!
对了，鲑鱼在山间溪流出生！
So how do the adult salmon living in the ocean lay their eggs all the way at the tops of mountain streams?
那么海里生活的成年鲑鱼是如何把卵放到山顶溪流中的呢？
This is why Squeaks gave us the clue that salmon are amazing parents.
这就是Squeaks给我们的线索里有“鲑鱼是让人惊奇的父母”的原因。
When salmon are ready to have babies, they remember where they were born
当鲑鱼准备产卵时，它们记得自己的出生地，
and make the same long journey they made when they were smolts, only this time they do it backwards!
然后按照与银白化幼鱼相同的漫长路线回溯，只是这次是逆流而上。
The adult salmon leave the ocean and swim back /up/ the rivers.
成熟的鲑鱼离开海洋，游回河流。
They swim for hundreds of kilometers against the current of the river.
它们要逆流游行数百公里。
They have to jump over waterfalls and sometimes dams.
它们要跳过瀑布或水坝。
It's a really tough trip!
这真是一次非常艰苦的旅程。
This is when the salmon can change from silver to red, and some kinds of male salmon even change shape.
这时，鲑鱼的颜色由银色变为红色，有些雄鱼甚至改变了的形状。
Some of them develop lower jaws that stick out like hooks and a big hump on their backs.
一些鱼长出了较低的下颚，伸出来就像挂钩，也在背部生出了大隆起。
After all these changes and years swimming in big rivers, and then oceans, and then rivers again,
最后，在经过这些改变和几年在河流——海洋——河流中的游动之后，
spawning salmon return to the exact same stream where they were born to lay and fertilize their eggs.
这些要产卵的鲑鱼准确地回到它们出生的河流受精产卵。
And then the cycle of the salmon life starts all over again.
然后鲑鱼的生命周期再次循环。
After the spawning salmon lay their eggs in the fall, the eggs will hatch in the spring with new baby alevins!
鲑鱼在瀑布中产卵后，卵会在次年的春天孵化，生出新的小鲑鱼。
That was a great riddle, Squeaks.
Squeaks，这是个很好的谜语。
Salmon are SO interesting to learn about!
我们能了解到鲑鱼是如此的有趣！
Do you have a riddle for us, or is there an animal's life cycle that you want to learn more about?
你要给我们出谜语吗？或是想要了解更多的动物生命周期吗？
Grab a grown up and let us know in the comments below! Or email us at kids@scishow.com.
找个大人在下方留言，或发电子邮件到kids@scishow.com吧。
Thanks, we'll see you next time, you're looked for.
感谢您的收看，下次再见，期待您的来信。
