评论
打印
Although Catherine conquered or annexed the regions finest farmlands, peasants as usual benefited little.
虽然凯瑟琳征服了或者兼并了有最好的农场的区域，农民一如既往地获利很少
The captured territory was either kept by the state itself or doled out to a few favored nobles.
被征服的土地不是被国家直接控制就是被分给少数受宠的贵族
The same was true after Alexander the First acquired Finland and Georgia.
亚历山大在获得芬兰和格鲁吉亚之后也是同样的情况
And after Nicholas the First made further conquests in the Caucasus and in Central Asia.
尼古拉在高加索和中亚更深入的地方获得土地后也是如此
The peasants were still stuck trying to eek out a living on very poor land.
农民还是要靠着贫瘠的土地生活
As serfs, they could be sold, sent into the army, or sent to Siberia as their masters willed.
作为农奴，他们被贩卖，送入军队，或者随主人的意愿被送到西伯利亚
Even the rough and tumble Cossacks were finding their place in Tsarist society as elite enforcers of imperial will.
而乱作一团的哥萨克则作为沙皇意志的执行者在沙皇统治的社会找到了自己的位置
3. Rule of law. The Enlightenment fought Russia, and the Enlightenment lost.
3.法治，启蒙运动冲击了俄罗斯但最终失败了
Catherine's Nakaz of 1767 was an honorable effort to bring the rule of law to Russia.
凯瑟琳1767年的圣谕是把俄罗斯纳入法制的非常光荣的举措
But the war with Turkey which followed helped Catherine establish her true priorities.
但是接下来对土耳其的战争确定了凯瑟琳真正优先考虑的事情
Alexander flirted with giving the Poles and the Fins separate constitutions.
亚历山大通过准许芬兰和波兰拥有宪法而跟两国眉来眼去
But this did not make the Poles or the Fins any easier to get along with.
但这并没有让两国人民变得更好相处
It did, however, gravely offend the public-spirited young Russians who had fought on Russia's behalf during the Napoleonic Wars.
而实际上，却深深触犯了热心爱国的俄国年轻人，他们在对拿破仑的战争期间为俄国作战
