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And he gave the serfs their freedom in 1861, the year the American Civil War began.
他在1861年给了农奴们自由，这一年美国开始了内战
Yet the freedom was mainly in name only.
然而这种自由大部分是名义上的
And Alexander wound up alienating at one time or another all of Russia's classes
亚历山大曾一度离间了俄国的所有阶层
the land-owning nobles, the small but highly involved middle class, and the masses of the peasants.
包括拥有土地的贵族，人数不多但是非常活跃的中产阶级，还有农民大众
The legacy of the Decembrists hardened into neurotism and into outright terrorism and eventually cost Alexander the Second his life.
十二月党人起义的结果，就是使亚历山大变得神经质走向彻底的恐怖主义，而这最后也葬送了亚历山大本人的性命
His son and successor Alexander the Third took Nicholas the First's conservative approach
他的儿子和继承人亚历山大三世，沿袭了尼古拉一世的保守主义路线
one step farther by attempting to impose order on Russia and the people's of the Russian Empire.
并且还通过向俄罗斯及其人民施加政令而更近一步
But with no real results.
但是没有什么实际的效果
Alexander the Third's early death in 1894 brought his son Nicholas the Second to the throne with genuinely disastrous results.
亚历山大三世1894年的早逝使他的儿子尼古拉二世登上了皇位并且带来了真正的灾难性的结果
Segment 20c: War and Revolution introduces us to Nicholas the Second, last of and one of the worst of the Tsars.
片段20c：战争和革命，让我们认识了尼古拉二世，最后一位也是最糟糕的一位沙皇
Unsuited by training or inclination to rule as an autocrat, he tried his feeble best, unably assisted by his wife Alexandra.
自身的教育让他并不适合成为一位独裁者，他本人也并没有这样的意愿，但他还是在他的妻子亚历山德拉的帮助下竭尽了自己绵薄的力量
