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Hi there. My name is Emma and in today's lesson we are going to look at common expressions that use the word "book".
大家好，我是Emma，在今天的课上我们要来看一看用"book"构成的常见表达。
So here's my little picture of a book with a smiley face.
这是一本我的带有笑脸的书的小图片。
I love to read, so I'm very excited to do this lesson because I love books.
我很喜欢阅读，所以要上这一节课我非常激动，因为我超爱书籍。
So let's look at the first expression, in total we're going to look at 13 expressions.
我们来看第一个表达吧，我们总共会讲13个表达。
So the first expression: "bookworm".
第一个表达是："bookworm"（书虫，书迷）。
So I don't know if you can see it here, but I've drawn a little worm with glasses and a book.
不知道你们看不看得到这里，我画了一只戴着眼镜的小虫子，旁边还有一本书。
This sort of gives you a hint, maybe, as to what a bookworm is.
这或许多多少少会给你们一点提示，告诉你们"bookworm"是什么。
A bookworm isn't actually a worm, it's a person who loves to read, okay? So I am a bookworm.
"bookworm"并不真的是一只虫子，而是热爱读书的人，知道了吗？所以我就是一个书迷。
Here's my example sentence: "Einstein was a bookworm, he loved to read."
下面是我的例句："Einstein was a bookworm, he loved to read."（爱因斯坦是一个书迷，他很喜欢看书）。
How many of you out there are bookworms?
你们中有多少人是书迷呢？
Okay. So let's look at a second expression, a common expression: "hit the books".
那我们来看第二个表达，这是一个很常见的短语："hit the books"（看书，学习）。
So what do I mean when I say "hit the books"?
"hit the books"是什么意思呢？
I don't mean physically hit a book, I mean study.
我说的不是真的用身体去撞书，而是学习的意思。
Okay? So even though the verb is "to hit", we're talking about "to study".
知道了吗？虽然这里用的动词是"hit"，但是我们表达的是“学习”。
So let's look at an example sentence.
我们来看一个例句吧。
Now of course, I use "gotta" which isn't grammatically correct, you never write this, this is more for speech.
我在这里用了"gotta"（going to），这在语法上是不正确的，你们千万不要这么写，这更偏口语。
I might say to a friend, "I gotta hit the books tonight."
我可能会对朋友说："I gotta hit the books tonight."（我今天晚上要学习）。
So what does this mean? I have to study tonight, I have to spend time studying tonight.
什么意思？意思是我今天晚上要学习，我今天晚上要花时间学习。
So "hit the books" means to study.
所以"hit the books"就是学习的意思。
Our third expression: "Don't judge a book by its cover."
我们的第三个表达："Don't judge a book by its cover."（不要根据第一印象/外表就做判断）。
Okay? This is a common idiom we use in the English language: "Don't judge a book by its cover."
"Don't judge a book by its cover."是我们在英语中很常用的一个习语。
So what does it mean? Well, first of all, "judge" means to criticize something.
它是什么意思呢？首先，"judge"（评判）的意思是对某事做出评判，批评。
And "cover"...just in case you're not familiar with this word, this is the cover of a book.
而"cover"（封面）......以防你们对这个单词不熟悉，这就是一本书的"cover"。
So if I "judge a book by its cover", it means I look at the front of the book and I say, "Oh, I don't like the look of this cover, even though there's a smiley face, I'm not going to read this book."
所以如果我"judge a book by its cover"，意思是我看了看这本书的封面，然后说：“啊，我不喜欢封面的样子，虽然这上面有一张笑脸，但我不会看这本书的”。
Okay. So we often say in English, "don't judge a book by its cover" meaning, just because the cover might be nice or ugly, it doesn't mean the book is a good book or a bad book.
所以我们在英语中经常说"don't judge a book by its cover"，意思就是封面好看或丑陋并不能代表这是一本好书还是坏书。
So we don't just use this expression with books.
我们不只把这个表达用在书上。
We use it when we're talking about food, when we're talking about people, when we're talking about pretty much anything.
我们在谈论食物、人和几乎任何事情的时候都会用这个表达。
So for example, snails, which is a type of slug, look too gross (ick! ) to eat.
举个例子，蜗牛，就是一种蛞蝓，看上去特别恶心，根本下不了口去吃它。
So in a lot of countries people eat snails, when I look at a snail I think, "Euuagh, I don't want to eat a snail. That looks disgusting."
在很多国家人们会吃蜗牛，当我看到蜗牛的时候，我会觉得：“咦，我不想吃蜗牛，看上去太恶心了”。
But somebody might say to me, "Emma, don't judge a book by its cover." meaning, even though the snail might look disgusting,
但是可能有人会跟我说："Emma, don't judge a book by its cover."，意思是虽然蜗牛看上去恶心，
don't judge it based on the fact it looks disgusting, maybe it tastes really, really good.
但是不要根据它看上去恶心这个事实下判断，也许它尝起来非常非常美味呢。
I don't know, I've never had snail before, if any of you have, please leave a comment, and let me know if snails taste good or not.
我不知道，我从来没吃过蜗牛，如果你们中有人吃过，请留下你的评论，告诉我蜗牛好吃还是不好吃。
Okay, so now let's look at some more expressions.So our fourth expression is "to be in someone's good books."Okay. So what does this mean?
好了，现在我们再来看一些表达。我们的第四个表达是："to be in someone's good books"（令某人喜欢）。好了，这个表达是什么意思呢？
Well, you'll notice I drew a smiley face here, if you "are in someone's good books", it means they're very happy with you, they're pleased with you.
你们会注意到我在这里画了一个笑脸，如果你"are in someone's good books"，意思是他们对你非常满意，他们很喜欢你。
So here's an example sentence: "Mulan is in the teacher's good books." meaning, Mulan has done something good, the teacher is really happy with her.
这里有一个例句："Mulan is in the teacher's good books."（Mulan很受老师的喜欢），意思是Mulan做了什么不错的事情，老师对她很满意。
Our fifth expression, "by the book".This means to follow the rules closely or to follow instructions closely.
我们的第五个短语："by the book"（严格按照规章制度办事）。这个短语的意思是严格遵守规定，或者严格遵从指令。
So let me give you an example.Okay, police officers, I've written "Police officers should do things by the book."
我给你们举个例子吧。以警察为例吧，我写了："Police officers should do things by the book."（警察应该严格按照规章制度办事）。
What does this mean? Well, in Canada and in the United States, and in some other countries as well, if a police officer wants to search your house they need something called a "warrant".
什么意思？在加拿大和美国，还有在其他一些国家也是一样，如果警察想要搜查你的房子，他们需要有一个叫“搜查证”的东西。
Okay? So they need to talk to a judge, they need to get a piece of paper called a warrant, they can't search your house without a warrant.
知道了吗？所以他们需要跟法官报告，需要拿到一张叫做“搜查证”的纸，没有搜查证他们就不能搜查你的房子。
Now maybe there's some bad police officers, I don't know, but maybe there is, who search your house without a warrant.
假设有这么些坏警察，我也不知道有没有，我们假设有，他们没拿搜查证就搜查了你家。
These police officers are not doing things "by the book", they're not following the rules.
这些警察没有按规定办事，没有遵守规定。
Police officers should do things "by the book", and get a warrant before they search your house.
警察应该严格按规定办事，在搜查房屋之前要拿到搜查证。
Okay, just an example, another example with soccer.
好了，这只是一个例子，我们再举个足球的例子。
Maybe when you play soccer you should "play by the book", meaning you shouldn't cheat.
你在踢足球的时候应该按照规则来，也就是不应该作弊。
You shouldn't break the rules, you should follow the rules of the game.
不应该违反规则，应该遵守比赛规则。
Okay? So "by the book" -- follow the rules closely.Okay, number six: "to book".
知道了吗？所以"by the book"就是严格遵守规则的意思。好了，第六个："to book"（预订，预约）。
So this is a verb we use commonly in English, especially for doctors' appointments, dentist appointments.
在英语中我们经常使用这个动词，尤其是看医生，看牙医的时候。
And so it can mean to make an appointment, or also to reserve something, so to make some sort of reservation.
它有预约的意思，也有预留的意思，也就是预订。
So for example, "I booked the meeting room for 3 pm."
比如："I booked the meeting room for 3 pm."（我预留了下午三点用会议室）。
What does this mean? It means I have reserved the meeting room for 3 pm.
什么意思？意思是我预订了下午三点用会议室。
At 3 pm, only I, or whoever is in my group, can use the meeting room.
在三点的时候，只有我，或者我团队里的人才可以用会议室。
"I booked an appointment with the doctor for Thursday."
"I booked an appointment with the doctor for Thursday."（我预约了周四看医生）。
So we use "book" a lot for appointments or to reserve something.
在表达预约或预留某物的时候，我们经常用"book"。
"I booked the TV for next week, for my classroom."
"I booked the TV for next week, for my classroom."（我预约了下周在我的教室里用电视）。
Okay, so now let's look at some more expressions.
好了，现在我们再来看一些表达。
So our next expression, expression number seven: "to read someone like a book".
我们的下一个表达，第七个表达是"to read someone like a book"（能轻易了解某人的想法，看透某人）。
"To read someone like a book", can you guess what that means?
"to read someone like a book"，你们能猜到这是什么意思吗？
Well, if you can "read someone like a book", it means it's easy to tell what they are thinking and feeling, so you have no trouble, very easy to see what someone is thinking or feeling.
如果你能"read someone like a book"，意思是很容易看出别人在想什么，或者有什么感受，也就是非常轻易能看出某人的想法或感受。
So for example, "My students know I'm angry, because I'm an open book."
举个例子："My students know I'm angry, because I'm an open book."（我的学生知道我生气了，因为我的心思很容易被看透）。
So maybe my face when I'm angry it looks really angry, maybe my voice, I can't hide how I feel in my voice.
可能我生气的时候，我的脸看上去非常生气，也许是我的声音，我的声音泄露了我的感受。
So some of you might "read like a book", meaning, it's easy to tell what you are thinking.
所以你们中有些人可能"read like a book"，意思是很容易看出你在想什么。
This is similar to expression number eight, "an open book".
这和第八个短语"an open book"（坦率的人，很容易被看透的人）很相近。
So for example, "Your thoughts are an open book," meaning people can easily tell what you are thinking.
比如："Your thoughts are an open book"（你的想法很容易被看出来），意思是人们很容易就能看出你在想什么。
"It's easy to read you" is another expression.
这个意思还有一个表达："It's easy to read you"（你很好懂）。
So what's the opposite of this? What if it's not easy to tell what you are thinking?
与这个意思相反的表达是什么？如果你的想法不容易被看出来应该用什么短语?
Well, you would be "a closed book" then.
这样的话，那你就是"a closed book"（捉摸不透的，谜一样的人）。
So an "open book" -- you're easy to understand, easy to know what you are thinking.
所以"an open book"指的是你很好懂，很容易知道你在想什么。
"A closed book" -- nobody can tell what you're thinking.
而"a closed book"的意思是没人能看出来你在想什么。
So I could say, "My boss is a very closed book. I can never tell what he's thinking."
所以我可以说："My boss is a very closed book. I can never tell what he's thinking."（我的上司很让人捉摸不透。我永远也不知道他在想什么）。
Okay, expression number nine, this is actually one of my favorite expressions because it just seems so dramatic, "to throw the book at someone".
好了，第九个短语："to throw the book at someone"（从严惩处某人），实际上这是我最喜欢的表达之一，因为它看上去特别夸张。
So you have a book, you throw it at someone; not literally.
你有一本书，然后把它扔向某人，其实并不是这样按字面理解。
What this expression means? It's a legal term.
这个短语是什么意思呢？这是一个法律术语。
So we use it when we're talking about the law, when we're talking about going to court.
我们讲到法律，讲到去法庭时会用这个短语。
If you break the law and you have to go see a judge, if the judge doesn't like you and thinks you're guilty, and they want to punish you for the crime you did, they "throw the book at you".
如果你犯法了，你必须去见法官，如果法官不喜欢你，认为你有罪，他们就会为你所犯的罪行惩罚你，他们会"throw the book at you"（对你从严惩处）。
So usually judges are the people who do the throwing of the book.
通常法官就是从严惩处别人的人。
So, for example, there's a TV show, on I think it's on FOX, called "Judge Judy".
举个例子，有一个电视剧，我记得是在FOX台，那个节目叫"Judge Judy"（《法官朱迪》）。
And in this TV show there's an angry judge who always...well, not always, but often punishes the people in her court.
在这个电视剧中有一个很愤怒的法官，她总是......也不是总是，但是经常惩罚她法庭上的人。
So if somebody is there, maybe they stole money, they didn't pay back a loan, Judge Judy will throw the book at them.
如果有人在法庭上，假设他们偷了钱，没有还贷款，法官朱迪就会从严惩处他们。
Okay, so again it's used with legal situations.
再说一遍，这个短语是用在法律状况中的。
Okay, so here is our tenth expression: "every trick in the book".
好了，我们现在来看第十个短语："every trick in the book"（各种方法和诀窍）。
So what does this mean? It means if you try "every trick in the book" it means you do everything possible to achieve something, to achieve some goal.
这是什么意思呢？它的意思是，如果你尝试了"every trick in the book"，就是说你为了做成某事，为了实现某个目标做了一切可能的事情。
So I'm a teacher, my goal is to get my students to do their homework.
我是一个老师，我的目标就是让学生做作业。
"I've tried every trick in the book to get my students to do their homework."
"I've tried every trick in the book to get my students to do their homework."（我使出了浑身解数让我的学生做作业）。
I've offered them candy, I've threatened to fail them if they don't do their homework, I've given them high marks if they do it,
我提出过给他们发糖，威胁过如果他们不做作业就让他们不及格，说过如果他们做作业得到的分数就高，
low marks if they don't, I've tried everything to get them to do their homework, I have tried every trick in the book.
不做分数就低，为了让他们做作业我什么办法都试过了，我使出了浑身解数。
Okay, number 11, similar to number 10: instead of having "every trick in the book", we're using "the oldest trick in the book".
好了，第十一个，这和第十个很像，只不过它不是"every trick in the book"，而是"the oldest trick in the book"（过时的把戏）。
Okay? So let me give you an example, to give you sort of an understanding of this.
让我给你们举个例子帮助你们理解这个短语。
I don't know if you've ever had an exam or a test, and you were really nervous about it, and maybe you tried to cheat.
我不知道你们有没有参加过考试，是不是感觉非常紧张，可能你们试过作弊。
What a lot of students do is they lift up their sleeve and they write the answers on their arm or they write notes on their arm.
很多学生的做法是卷起衣袖在胳膊上写下答案或者笔记。
Writing the answers on your arm before a test is "the oldest trick in the book".
考试之前在胳膊上抄答案是"the oldest trick in the book"。
So what does this mean? It means so many people have done it before.
那么这是什么意思呢？意思是很多人以前就这么做过。
So a lot of people have done it, and they've been doing it for a very, very long time.
很多人这么做过，他们很长很长时间以来都是这么做的。
So if you "do the oldest trick in the book", it means it's very obvious what you're doing.
所以如果你"do the oldest trick in the book"，意思是你在做的事情非常明显。
Everyone's done it before, or most people have done it, and it's done too often.
每个人或者大多数人以前都这么做过，这种做法用得太频繁了。
So you probably won't be successful if you try "the oldest trick in the book".
所以如果你尝试这种过时的把戏，你可能不会成功。
And I hope none of you have done this, although when I was a kid I did that, so don't do this one, because it's the oldest trick in the book.
我希望你们都没这么做过，虽然我小时候这么做过，所以不要这么做，因为它已经过时了，骗不到人了。
Okay, number 12: "in my book".So what's "in my book"? It just means in my opinion.
好了，第十二个短语："in my book"（我认为）。"in my book"是什么？它就是“我认为”的意思。
So, for example, "She's very kind, in my book".So this means she's very kind, in my opinion.
比如："She's very kind, in my book"（在我看来，她非常善良）。意思就是我认为她非常善良。
Okay, so I said that there were going to be 13 expressions, we did reach 13, I know it says 12 here, but "closed book" was actually the thirteenth expression.
好了，我说过会有十三个表达，我们也确实讲到了十三个，我知道我刚才说的是十二个，但是"closed book"其实就是第十三个短语。
Okay? So in my book, you are all great students, and I look forward to teaching you in these videos.
知道了吧？在我看来（in my book），你们都是很棒的学生，我很期待在这些视频中教你们英语。
If you want to be in my good books, come visit us at our website, at www. engvid. com.
如果你们想让我满意（be in my good books），请登陆我们的网站www. engvid. com。
We have a quiz there, I advise you to hit the books in order to do the quiz, so study before you do the quiz, study this video.And until next time, take care.
我们在那儿上传了一个小测验，我建议你们用功学习（hit the books），这样才能做好测验，所以在做测验之前请好好学习，学习这个视频里的内容。下次见，保重。
