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Hi, welcome again to engvid. com.I'm Adam.
嗨，欢迎再次来到 engvid. com。我是 Adam。
Today we're going to look at something that I know students sometimes get confused about, okay?
今天我们来看一个据我所知学生们有时会感到困惑的语法点，好吗？
First of all, students ask me all the time, 'What is the subjunctive, okay?The subjunctive voice in grammar?'
首先，学生们总是问我，‘什么是虚拟语气，对吧？语法中的虚拟语气是？’
First of all let me tell you there are two different - or three even - different ways of looking at the subjunctive.
首先我要告诉你们两种，或者三种，不同的看待虚拟语气的方式。
Usually people think, "The doctor recommended he go to hospital".That is one example of the subjunctive.
通常人们想，“医生建议他去医院。”这是一个虚拟语气的例子。
What I want to look at today is the word "wish", the verb "to wish", okay?
我今天想讲的是 "wish" 这个单词，动词"to wish"，好吗？
And how it is used, because this is sometimes very confusing to students.
还有它是如何使用的，因为有时候这对学生来说非常难以理解。
So, here I have a few examples of how to use the verb "wish".
因此，这里我准备了一些如何使用动词 "wish" 的例子。
"I wish I were rich.""He wishes he were taller." Okay.
“我希望我是有钱人。”“他希望他能长高点。”对吧。
So, the first thing you notice, I'm using "were", not "was". Okay?
所以，你会注意到的第一件事是，我用了"were"，而不是"was"，对吧？
Now, why? Because.I'm sorry to say it like that, but that's how it is.
那么，为什么？原因。我很抱歉这么说，但它就是这样。
Always use "were".Never use "was".I, you, he, she, it, they, we, "were", always.
总是用 "were"。从不用 "was"。I，you，he，she，it，they，we，一直都要用 "were"。
"I wish it would rain", now here we're talking about an action verb,
“我希望天会下雨”，这里我们要讲的是一个动作动词。
"rain", like, "to come down", "rain", so we use "would"."Bill Clinton wishes Hillary would be President".
"rain" 像是 "落下来"，“下雨”，所以我们用"would"。“Bill Clinton 希望 Hillary 成为总统”。
Notice the capital P because President is a title here.It's specific.So, this is called the subjunctive voice.
注意这个大写的 P，因为 President 在这里是一个称号。它是特殊的。所以，这被称为虚拟语气。
What we are talking about when we use the verb "wish" is a hypothetical.
当我们把动词 "wish" 作为假设使用时，我们在谈论什么？
What does hypothetical mean?Hypothetical means imaginary.It's not real. Okay?
hypothetical 是什么意思？Hypothetical 意思是假想的。它不是真实的。
So, anytime we use the verb "wish", we're talking about something that isn't true and can't be true.
所以，任何时候我们用动词 "wish"，我们是在谈论某些不是事实的事或者不会成真的事。
If it can be true, you'll probably use the word "hope", but that's another story.
如果它可能成真，你可能要用 "hope"这个词，不过那就是另一回事了。
Okay? So, how do we construct this?How do we set up sentences?
对吧？所以，我们如何构造这个？我们怎么造句？
I'm going to write this down for you in a second and we'll look at how to do this.
我会马上为你把这个写下来，接着我们在来看该如何做。
Okay, so, first, let's look at how we construct a sentence using "wish".
好了，所以首先让我们看一下如何用 "wish" 造句。
We begin with our subject, of course, our verb "wish", and then we always have to remember to go one tense back.What does that mean?
我们以主语开头，当然了，我们的动词 "wish"，接着我们必须一直记得要倒退一个时态。这是什么意思？
If you have a present tense verb in the real situation, when you talk about "wish", you talk about simple past.
如果你在真实语境里使用一个现在时的动词，那么当你谈论 “假设”时，你要用一般过去时。
If the real situation is simple past, the "wish" would be past perfect, right, because it's two pasts back.
如果真实的语境是一般过去时，那么 "wish" 要加过去完成时，没错，因为往过去倒退了两个时态。
Future, again, would become "would".Let's look at these examples.
未来时，再强调一次，会变成 "would"。让我们看一些例子。
"Right now, I am not rich."This is the real situation.This is the fact.So, "I wish I were rich."
“现在，我不是有钱人。”这是一个现实情境。这是事实。所以，“我希望我是一个有钱人。”
The "am" present becomes "were" past.Again, remember, always "were", never "was".
现在时 "am" 变成了过去时 "were"。再说一次，记住，总是用 "were"，从不用"was"。
That's the main thing to remember with "wish". Okay?High school, "I didn't study hard in high school.
这是关于 "wish" 要记住的最重要的一点。高中，“我在高中没有好好学习。
I was a very bad student."You are very good students.That's why you come here, right?
我是一个非常差的学生。”你们是非常好的学生。这也是为什么你们会来这里，对吧？
I didn't study hard in high school, so "I wish I had studied harder", simple past, past perfect.
我在高中时没好好学习，所以“我希望我那时候学习能更努力些”，一般过去，过去完成。
I go one step back. Okay?"It will be dry tomorrow", like, "The air will be very dry, sunny, hot, etc."
我往回退了一个时态。对吧？“明天会很干燥”，像是，“空气会很干燥，阳光明媚，炎热，等等。”
Two ways that I can speak about it.I can wish it would rain.I can use the action verb, but the "will" becomes "would".
关于这个，我有两种表达方式。我可以希望天会下雨。我可以用动作动词，但是这个 "will" 要变成 "would"。
Or "I wish it would be rainy tomorrow."If I want to maintain the "be" verb, I still use the "would".
或者“我希望明天是下雨的。”如果我想保留"be" 动词，我仍然会用 "would"。
I just add the "be", go to the adjective "rainy", and talk about the hypothetical situation.
我只是加上了“be”，接形容词 "rainy"，谈论的是一个假设的情境。
So, again, two very important things to remember about using "wish".
所以，再说一次，在使用 "wish"是要记住的两件重要的事。
One, anything you say with the "wish" verb is not real.
一个是，你用动词 "wish" 叙述的任何事都不是真的。
Two, anything you say with the "wish" verb you're going back one tense from the real situation, and always remember "were" not "was".
第二，无论你用动词 "wish"叙述什么，都要把真实语境里的时态倒退一个时态。
That's the main thing.So some of you will be taking whatever test, you're taking, IELTS, TOEFL, etc. - TOEIC.
这是主要的事。所以你们中一些人会参加各种考试，你会参加雅思，托福，等等。-还有托业。
The subjunctive, this is a very common question on any test that has a grammar section.
虚拟语气，是一个在任何有语法模块的考试中都非常常见的问题。
It's almost guaranteed you'll have one question about "wish", and this especially is what they will be testing you on, the "were" not the "was". Okay.
几乎可以保证你会遇到一个关于 "wish" 的问题，而这个是他们尤其会用来考你的地方，就是用 "were"而不是 "was"，对吧。
Now, many native speakers will say, "I wish I was rich."You know what?
现在，很多英语母语者会说，"I wish I was rich."你知道么？
That's okay for them to say.They're native English speakers.
他们这么说是可以的。他们是英语母语者。
It's not correct.You want to be correct, you will say "were". Okay?
它不是正确的。你想要正确的，你要说 "were"。好吗？
If you're not exactly clear about all this, go to engvid. com.There's a quiz.
关于所以这些内容，如果你还不是非常清楚，登录engvid. com 网站。那里有一个小测试。
You can have more examples and test yourself and ask questions there.See you soon. Thanks.
你可以在这里找到更多的例子，测试自己的水平，还能问问题。下次再见。谢谢。
