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Hey, everyone. I'm Alex.Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on "Reported Speech".
嗨，大家好。我是 Alex.感谢点击本视频，欢迎来到本节“间接引语”课程。
Now, in this lesson, I'm going to look at two very specific cases of reported speech, and I will expect that you already have the basic knowledge of how reported speech works.
在本节课，我将会主讲间接引语中两个极为特殊的例子，我希望你们对于间接引语是怎么回事已经有了大概的了解。
If you don't, we have a lot of videos on engVid to get you prepared.
如果你没有的话，我们在 engVid 上为你准备了很多视频课程。
Benjamin has done a lesson on reported speech, Ronnie has done one, I've done one on "say" and "tell",
Benjamin 做过一个关于间接引语的课程，Ronnie 也有一个，我做过一个关于"say" 和 "tell"视频，
so make sure you have the basics of this before you jump to this lesson, or watch this lesson first and then go back and look at those lessons for the basics.
所以确保你在加入本节课之前已经掌握了基本的知识，或者你可以先看本节课，之后再回去看那些基础课程。
So, today, I'm going to tell you how to report imperatives and instructions, and how to report yes and no questions.So, imperatives.What's an imperative?
那么，今天，我会告诉你如何间接表达祈使句和指示句，以及如何间接表达一般疑问句。那么，祈使句。什么是祈使句？
It's a command: "Stop", "Don't do that", "Don't go there", "Study a lot of English if you want to improve", whatever it is.
它是一个命令：“停下”，“不要这样做”，“不要去那”，“想提高就学英语”，不管什么。
And instructions, you know, instructions, commands, these are very similar things.
指示句，指示，命令，这些都是差不多的事。
But an instruction could be something you read on the back of a box of cookies, and how to bake them, for example.
但是指示可以是你在一盒饼干的后面读到的内容，例如如何烘焙之类的。
So, first, let's look at an affirmative imperative, an affirmative instruction or a command.
所以，首先，我们来看一个肯定祈使句，一个肯定的命令或者指示。
So if your teacher says: "Turn to page 209 in your textbook", how do you report this?
所以如果你的老实说：“翻到课本的209页"，你怎么转述这句话？
Well, when you're reporting something that is a command, that is an imperative, that starts with a base verb like "go", "do", "play", "make", "turn",
当你在转述一个命令，一个祈使句，一个以基本动词像"go"，"do"，"play"，"make"，"turn"开头的句子时，
what you need to do after your reporting verb: "He said", you actually need to use "to" plus the base verb. Okay?
你需要在你转述 "He said" 后加什么，其实你需要用 "to" 连接基本动词。对吧？
So, here: "Turn to page 209."If I'm saying this and later you go to your friend, or your friend says: "What did he say?"
所以，这里：“翻到209页。”如果我在说这句话，之后你遇见了你的朋友，或者你的朋友问：“他说了什么？”
You said: "Oh, he said to turn to page 209."So, we have: "Turn to page 209."
你说：“噢，他说翻到209页。”所以，我们说：“翻到209页。”
When you're reporting, make sure you have "to" plus the base verb.
当你在转述的时候，确保你用 "to" 连接了基本动词。
Okay? "He said to turn to page 209.", "He told us to turn to page 209."
对吧？“他说翻到209页。”，“他告诉我们翻到209页。”
So, here we have: "He told us to turn to page 209."
所以，我们就有了：“他告诉我们翻到209页。”
And again, I'm going to assume that you already have the basics of reporting structure, but here specifically, this is an instruction, an imperative that you are reporting.
再说一次，我是假设你们已经掌握了间接结构的基本知识，但是这里比较特殊，这是一个指示，一个你正在转述的祈使句。
So you have the base verb in the instruction, and then you have "to" plus the base verb when you're reporting it.
所以在指示句里有基础动词，当你在转述它的时候，你要用 "to" 连接基础动词。
Now, if you are reporting a negative command, for example: "Do not cross the street."
现在，如果你在转述一个否定命令，例如：“不要横穿马路。”
Maybe you are reading a sign that says: "Do not cross when red."You know, when the light is red, for example.
或者你在读一个指示牌说：“不要闯红灯。”你知道，比如当信号灯是红色的时候。
Well, how do you report a negative one?Very, very simple: "The sign said not to cross the street."
那么，你如何转述一个否定命令呢？非常，非常，简单：“指示牌上说不要横穿马路。”
Okay? So, here we have "to turn", here we have "not to cross".So, an imperative will always be in the present.
对吧？所以，这里我们用 "to turn"，这里我们用"not to cross"。那么，一个祈使句总是现在时。
You will always hear: "Stop", "Go", "Do", "Don't", okay?
你总是会听到：“住手”，“去吧”，“做吧”，“不行”，对吧？
And because of that, when you are reporting a negative imperative, all you have to do is add "not" before "to" plus the base verb.
而且因为如此，当你在转述一个否定祈使句时，你要做的就是在连接基础动词的 "to" 前面加 "not"。
So: "The teacher said not to do this.", "The sign said not to do this."
所以：“老实说不要这么做。”，“指示牌说不要这么做。”
Okay? So, again, if you are reading, let's say, an instruction manual for your new digital camera or your new phone and it says, okay: "Charge your phone before first use."
对吧？那么，再说一次，如果你正在阅读一个新数码相机或者是新手机的使用说明，上面说：“在第一次使用前给手机充电。”
So, before you use your phone, charge it for six hours, for example.
所以，在你使用电话之前，给它充6小时的电。
So, say: "Hey, what does the instruction manual say? My phone is not turning on."
所以，说：“嘿，说明书上说什么？我的手机打不开。”
"Ah, the instruction manual says to charge it", "to charge", the instructions say to charge for six hours before you use it for the first time.
“嗯，说明书上说给手机充电”，"to charge"，说明书说在你第一次使用它之前要先充6个小时的电。
Now, let's move on to yes/no questions.So, we have three yes/no questions.
现在，我们接着来看一般疑问句。所以，我们有三个一般疑问句。
"Do you need help?", "Is she here?", "Can you play guitar?"
“你需要帮助吗？”，“她在这吗？”，“你会弹吉他吗？”
So, first: "Do you need help?"Yes or no?Present simple question.
所以，首先：“你需要帮忙吗？”要还是不要？一般现在时问题。
"He asked", and again, I'm going to give you a lot of different reporting verbs, here, like: "He asked", "He wanted to know",
“他问”，再强调一下，我会给你很多不同的转述性动词，比如：“他问”，“他想知道”，
"He was wondering", and I'm going to assume that you already have this knowledge.
“他在想”，我先假设你知道这些知识。
"He asked me" or "He asked if I needed help."And again, you can probably already see this formula, here, "if", "if", "if".
“他问我”，或者“他问我是否需要帮忙。”再说一次，你可能已经看过这个公式了，这里，"if"，"if"，"if"。
So, when you are reporting a yes/no question, in the reporting, you need to add an "if".Very simple.
所以，当你在转述一个一般疑问句时，在转述时，你要加一个 "if"。非常简单。
For example, number two: "Hey. Is she here?""He wanted to know if she was here." Okay?
例如，第二个问题：“嗨，她在这么？”“他想知道她是否在这。”对吧？
And again, you notice that, you know, the question is: "Is she here?"
你会注意到，这个问题是：“她在这么？”
The reporting is: "He wanted to know if she was here."
转述是：“他想知道她是否在这。”
This is information that you would get in any basic tutorial on reported speech, so make sure you have those basics.
这些信息你会在任何关于间接引语的辅导课上获得，所以确保你掌握了基础的知识。
And then, finally...I'm moving everywhere today."Can you play guitar?"
接着，终于...我今天总是来回动。“你会弹吉他吗？”
Here's the reporting: "He was wondering if I could play guitar."
这里是间接引语：“他在问我是否会弹吉他。”
So, all you hear...All you see, all the time: "if", "if", "if".
所以，所以你听到的...所以你看到的，任何时候都有："if"，"if"，"if"。
"I want to know if", "He wanted to know if", "She asked me if".
“我想知道是否”，“他想知道是否”，“她问我是否”。
So, any time you are reporting a yes or no question, make sure you are using an "if" in that report-okay? -when you report that speech.So, a lot of information today.
所以，你在转述一般疑问句的任何时候，确保你在转述时加了 "if"，好吗？在你转述这句话的时候。所以，今天有很多信息。
And again, think of this as the bonus level of reported speech, because obviously, you probably know the basics, and this is a little bit extra.
再说一次，把这节课当成是间接引语的等级关卡，因为很明显，你可能知道基础的知识，但是这个有一点超过基础范围了。
It's very specific situations that we are looking at in this video.
我们在这个视频里讲的是非常特殊的情况。
If you want to test your understanding of this material, if you want to see if you can recognize how to, you know,
如果你想要测试自己对本节内容的了解程度，如果你想看看你是否可以明辨
transform an imperative or an instruction into reported speech, how to change a yes/no question into reported speech, check out the quiz on www. engvid. com.
如何将祈使句或者一个指示句转化成间接引语，以及如何将一般疑问句转化为间接引语，登录www. engvid. com，进入小测验。
And if you enjoyed this video: comment on it, like it, subscribe to the channel, and check me out on Facebook and Twitter.
如果你喜欢这个视频：请评论或者点赞，订阅这个频道，或者关注我的脸书和推特账号。
I am always pretty active over there.I have my #randomenglish# thing that I do pretty regularly.
我总是在在线活跃。我有自己的话题 #randomenglish#，经常更新。
So, check me out there.And until next time, thanks for clicking.Bye.
那么，在上面关注我。下次再见，感谢点击本课程。再见。
