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Hi, guys, and welcome back to www. engvid. com.Going to be doing a grammar lesson today.
嗨，大家好，欢迎来到 www.engvid.com.今天是一节语法课。
We're looking at the difference between the present perfect and the past simple.
我们来看现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
Sometimes these tenses can look a little bit similar, so I want to point out to you why we use the present perfect when we're talking about something that's current,
有时候这些时态看起来有些差不多，所以我想给你指出我们在谈论现在的，
now, but looking back to the past; and then looking at the past simple as a simple completed action.
当下追溯过去的某物时为什么要用现在完成时；以及把一般过去时看成一个简单的已完成的动作。
I hope it's helpful, let's get involved.So: "Bruce is looking for his helmet.He can't find it anywhere.
但愿对你有帮助，我们开始吧。那么：“布鲁斯在找他的头盔。他在哪都没找到。
So he '''_", now what do you think should go here?"He '''_ lost his helmet."
所以他 '''_”，你觉得这里应该是什么？“他 '''_ 丢了他的头盔。”
Okay, he's looking for his helmet, he can't find it, so we need to put something in here.
嗯，他正在找他的头盔，他没找到，所以我们要在这里加上某物。
You got it?Well the answer is: "has".Okay? So: "He has lost his helmet."
你想到了吗？嗯，答案就是："has"。对吧？那么：“他已经弄丢了他的头盔。”
Now, to form the present perfect, I put my subject, I'll just put "s" for subject, so: "I", "you", "he", "she", "we", "they", "it". Okay?
那么，为了构成现在完成时，我先放上主语，我用一个 "s" 表示主语，像是："I"，"you"，"he"，"she"，"we"，"they"，"it"，对吧？
Subject plus "has" or "have", plus the past participle.
主语加 "has" 或者 "have"，加上过去分词。
So if it's regular, you're going to be doing a verb with an "ed" ending.
如果是规则性过去分词，只要在动次结尾加一个 "ed"。
For example: "completed", "finished", "started". Okay?So verb plus "ed".
例如："completed"，"finished"，"started"。对吧？所以动词加上 "ed"。
However, if it's irregular, it's going to have a slightly different ending.
但是，如果是不规则动词，那就会在动词结尾有一些不同。
I'm hoping you've got a list of irregular verbs somewhere.
我希望你已经有了一张关于不规则动词的表。
Get in touch with me if you don't, I'll help out.
如果你没有的话，跟我联系，我会帮你解决。
So, when are we talking about?"Bruce has lost his helmet.
那么，我们谈论的是什么时候？“布鲁斯已经弄丢了他的头盔。
He has lost his helmet."Well, it's not future. Is it? Okay?It's either present or past.
他已经弄丢了他的头盔。“嗯，它不是将来时，对吧？也不是现在时和过去时。
Now, we use the present perfect when we're looking at something that's kind of just happened.
那么，当我们谈论刚刚发生了的某事时，我们用现在完成时。
It happened quite recently; it's only just happened.So I'm going to write in: "recent", okay?
就是刚刚不久发生的事；就是才发生。那么我在这里写上："recent"，对吧？
"R-e-c-e-n-t", "recent".Say it back to me: "recent".Okay, it happened recently, the adverb. Great.
"R-e-c-e-n-t"，"recent"。跟我说："recent"。好，它是最近发生的，副词。很好。
So: "Bruce has lost his helmet."It's only just happened.It happened like an hour ago, it happened five minutes ago.
那么：“布鲁斯已经弄丢了他的头盔。”它是刚刚才发生的。它是一小时前发生的，它是五分钟前发生的。
For not much time has he lost his helmet.Now, let's look at how we form this verb.
他丢了头盔没多长时间。那么，我们来看一下我们如何组成动词。
As I said, we look at our subject so it's either: "I", or: "we", or: "they", or: "you".
就像我说的，我们看一下主语，它不是 "I" 或者 "we"，就是 "they" 或者 "you"。
What do you think?"Has" or: "have" here?"I has" or: "I have"?That's it, it's: "I have".
你认为呢？这里是 "Has" 还是 "have"？"I has" 还是 "I have"？没错，是 "I have"。
Okay? Now, the contraction for: "I have" is: "I've finished."
对吧？那么，"I have" 的缩写是："I've finished。"
"Have you done your homework?""Yes, I've finished my homework."
“你做完作业了吗？”“是的，我已经做完作业了。
Just five minutes ago, I finished my homework." Okay?
五分钟前，我完成了我的作业。”
Now, with the subjects: "he", "she", "it", we're going to need to use: "has".
接着，对于主语："he"，"she"，"it"，我们要用："has"。
"Sorry about my pen, it has just run out of ink." Okay?So subject plus "has".
”很抱歉我的钢笔它刚好墨水用完了。”对吧？所以主语加 "has"。
Contraction: "It's just run out of ink."So that brings me on to my next point, "run" would be an irregular verb.
缩写："It's just run out of ink."这正好可以转到我要讲的下一个点，"run" 是一个不规则性动词。
Okay? "R-u-n", it doesn't use an "ed" ending.Check out your list of irregular verb endings for the past participle.
对吧？"R-u-n"，它没有在结尾加 "ed"。查看一下你的不规则动词表，看一下它的过去分词。
Good. Still with me?Still understanding?Still on the same page?Comprendo?Brilliant.
很好，还跟得上吗？理解了？达成共识？明白？很好。
Now, we're going to look on to the past simple now."He"-Bruce-"lost his helmet." Okay?
现在，我们要来看一般过去时。“他” -布鲁斯-“丢了他的头盔。”对吧？
"He lost his helmet."This is the...Oh, dear, I got it the wrong way around.
“他弄丢了头盔。”这是...哦，亲爱的，我弄混了。
Teachers aren't perfect after all.So: "He lost his helmet " is the past simple." Okay?
毕竟老师也不是完美的。那么：“他弄丢了他的头盔”是一般过去时。对吧？
Because it's a completed action that has happened in the past and it's finished.
因为这是一个已经完成的动作，发生在过去并且已经结束了。
"He lost his helmet." Okay?So let's write in, past simple, that's there."He lost his helmet." Done.
“他丢了他的头盔。”对吧？那么我们写上，一般过去时，“他丢了他的头盔。” 已完成。
Happened once, finished."But now he has found it!" Tada! Great.
发生了，结束了。“但现在，他已经找到它了！” 当当！太棒了。
So Bruce, he now has found it.Okay? And the pen has still run out of ink.
所以，布鲁斯，他现在已经找到它了。对吧？我的笔还是没有墨水。
"But now he has found it!"The difference...So this is my present perfect.
“但是现在他已经找到它了！”不同是...这是现在完成时。
It has something to do with now."But now he has found it!" Okay?
它现在有某事要做。“但是现在他已经找到它了！”
This "now" talks about the present."But now he has found his helmet."
这个 "now" 讲的是关于现在时。“但是现在他已经找到他的头盔了。”
Let's look at the differences one more time.Present perfect, it tells us about the situation now.
我们再来看一下不同之处。现在完成时，讲述的是关于现在的情况。
I have the helmet now, e. g: "Bruce has lost his helmet.
我现在有头盔了，例子：“布鲁斯已经弄丢了他的头盔。
He has lost his helmet."Now no helmet. Okay?Now, what do we know now?
他已经弄丢了他的头盔。”现在没有头盔。对吧？现在，我们知道现在什么？
Well, now, there is no helmet.Past simple: "He lost his helmet."
嗯，现在，这里没有头盔。一般过去：“他丢了他的头盔。”
When we use the past simple, we find out about the past, but we don't know about the present.
我们用一般过去时时，我们发现的是过去的事，但是我们不知道现在怎么样。
Okay? So we know about the past, not the present."Bruce lost his helmet."We don't know if he has his helmet now.
对吧？所以我们知道过去，而不是现在。“布鲁斯丢了他的头盔。”我们不知道他现在是否有头盔。
We cannot see the present which is down here: "He does have his helmet."
我们不清楚现在的情况，就在这里：“他有头盔了。”
Okay? So the past just doesn't give us that information about right now, the past simple.I hope I've made some sense today. Okay?
对吧？所以过去时不能告诉我们现在的信息，一般现在时。但愿我今天说清楚了。
We've been looking at the present perfect, something that's just happened and has...And talks about what is now.
我们已经看了现在完成时，一些刚发生完的事...而且谈论的是现在的情况。
Okay? And the past simple which just talks about the past tense and nothing about the present.
对吧？而一般过去时就只是谈论过去的情况，跟现在没关系。
What I want you to do, I know it's a little bit complicated, so go to www. engvid. com right now and go and try those 10 questions on the quiz.
我想要你做的是，我知道你会有点小困惑，所以马上登录 www. engvid. com，并且试着完成10个测试问题。
And then after you've done that, feel free to subscribe to my YouTube channel and you'll find some more useful videos to help you learn your English.
在你完成之后，你可以随意关注我的 YouTube 频道，你会发现更多有用的课程，帮助你学习英语。
And if you like, you can also look at my website, Facebook page: Exquisite English, should be some interesting content there for you too.
如果你喜欢，你也可以关注我的网站，脸书页面：Exquisite English，那里也有很多有意思的内容。
Thank you very much.I hope that's helped you. Bye.
非常感谢。希望对你有帮助。再见。
