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By 和 With 的用法

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Hello.My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on: What is the difference between "by" and "with"?

嗨。我是 Emma,今天的视频我将回答大家的问题:"by" 和 "with" 有什么区别?
Many students make mistakes with "by" and "with", so in today's lesson I'm hoping to help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes and you'll understand:
很多学生都会犯用 "by" 还是 "with" 的错误,所以在今天的课程,我希望能在这一点上帮助你们,让你们不会再犯如此多的错误,而且帮助你们理解:
What are the differences between these two words?Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.
这两个单词之间有什么不同?好,那么我们从这里的一些问题开始。
I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?
我想让你思考一下:哪些是正确的,哪些是不正确的?
I also want you to think which sentences...Why are they correct?
我还希望你能想一下这些句子...它们为什么是正确的?
Okay? So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?
好吗?也就是,为什么它们是正确的和为什么它们是不正确的?
So my first sentence: "I learn English by watching engVid."
那么我的第一个句子是:“我通过看 engVid 学习英语。”
Compare this to: "I learn English with watching engVid."
和这个比较:“我用看 engVid 学习英语。”
Which one do you think is the correct form?Do we use "by" or do we use "with"?
你认为哪种是正确的句型?我们是用 "by" 还是用"with"?
Okay. If you said: "I learn English by watching engVid.", you are correct.
好。如果你说:"I learn English by watching engVid.",你就对了。
Okay? And I will explain why in the next part of this video.
对吧?我会在接下来的部分解释为什么。
So: "I learn English with watching engVid."No, we don't use that.
那么:“我用看 engVid 学习英语。”不,我们不这么用。
Okay, so what about the next two?"I write with a pen.", "I write by a pen."
好,那么接下来的两个句子呢?“我用钢笔写作。”,“我通过钢笔写作。”
Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?
你认为哪一个是正确的句子,哪一个是不正确的,为什么?
Okay, if you said: "I write with a pen." you are correct.In this case this is the correct one.
好,如果你说:"I write with a pen." 就答对了。在这个情况下,这个句子是正确的。
And "I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.
而 "I write by a pen." 是不正确的。那么,在我们说它们的区别之前,我们先来说一下它们的相同之处。
How are "by" and "with" the same?Well, they both answer the question: How?
"by" 和 "with " 怎么是一样的?嗯,它们都可以回答问题:如何,怎么?
Okay? So they're both the answer to the question: How?How do you learn English?
对吧?所以它们都可以回答问题:如何,怎么?你是如何学英语的?
I learn English by watching engVid.I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.
我通过看 engVid 学习英语。我通过每天晚上看我的词典学习英语。
That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.
那可能不是一个好的方法,但我通过和人交谈来学习英语。
Okay? So that's answering how you do something.Similarly with "with", it also answers the question: How?
所以这是回答你如何做某事。"with" 是一样的,它也可以回答问题:如何,怎么样?
How do you write?Well, I write with a pen.How do you eat dinner?I eat dinner with a fork. Okay?
你怎么写的?嗯,我用钢笔写的。你用什么吃晚饭?我用叉子吃完饭。对吧?
Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.So they both answer the same question: How?
或者我用筷子吃晚饭。所以它们都可以回答一样的问题:如何,怎么样?
But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.
但是它们是有点不同的,所以我们现在来看它们的区别。
Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with "by"."I turn on the computer by pushing the on button."
好,我们来看一些用 "by" 的例句。“我按了开机键,打开了电视机。”
Okay? So this is, again, answering the question: How?How do you turn on the computer?
对吧?那么,这又是一个回答 How 的问题。你是如何打开电脑的?
Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.
嗯,我按了开机键打开电脑。我希望你用一些时间来思考一些这个句子。
What comes after "by"?We have here "pushing"."Pushing" is a verb. Okay?So I'm just going to underline this.
"by" 之后接的是什么?我们接的是 "pushing"。"Pushing" 是一个动词。对吧?那么我在这里画上下划线。
So we often use...After "by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.
所以我们通常用...在 "by" 之后,我们通常用一个动词,当我们在解释某事是如何完成的时候。

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Let's look at another example."I keep healthy by exercising."

我们来看另一个例子。“我通过运动来保持健康。”
So, again, after "by" you'll notice we have a verb: "exercise". Okay?In this case it's "exercising".
那么,再说一次,你会注意到在 "by" 的后面我们有一个动词:"exercise"。对吧?在这个句子里它是"exercising"。
So, one of the first things to notice is after "by" we often have a verb.
那么,首先要注意的是在 "by" 后面我们常用动词。
I have here: "by verb", but that's not all.If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?
我在这里写了:"by verb",但这不是全部。假设你看这个动词,它是什么形式的?
Well, take a moment.What do "pushing" and "exercising" have in common?
大家想一下。"pushing" 和 "exercising" 有什么共同之处?
They both end in "ing", so I'm going to write here: "ing". Okay?
它们都是以 "ing" 结尾的,那么我会在这里写:"ing"。对吧?
So we use "by", after "by" comes a verb, and then comes "ing".
所以,我们用 "by",后面接动词,动词后面有"ing"。
You know: How do you keep clean?I keep clean by showering.How do you study?
还有:你如何保持清洁?我洗澡来保持清洁。你如何学习?
I study by...Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.
我通过...,嗯,不和我的朋友出去玩,那会严重影响学习。
I study by reading over my notes.Okay? So after "by" we have the verb and "ing".
我通过阅读笔记来学习。对吧?所以在 "by" 后面,我们加 "ing" 形式的动词。
“So let's do one together."I learned karate (or karate) by '_ YouTube."What do you think the verb would be?We could say: "by watch".
那么我们一起来作一个句子。”“我通过 '_ YouTube 来学习空手道。”你觉得这里的动词会是什么?我们可以说:"by watch"。
Is that right?...by watch YouTube"?No, we need the "ing", perfect."I learned karate by watching YouTube."
这样对吗?...by watch YouTube?不对,我们需要加 "ing",没错。“我通过看 YouTube 视频来学习空手道。”
Okay? So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how, if you have a verb and "by" then you can explain how you do something.
对吧?所以,再说一次,这点非常有用,因为当你在解释怎么样时,如果你用一个动词和 "by" 就可以解释你是如何做某事的。
Okay, now let's look at some of...Some more differences between "with" and "by".
好,现在我们来看一些...更多的 "with" 和 "by" 的区别。
So before I begin teaching you more about "by" and "with", I just want to say that these are the general rules,
所以在我开始教你更多关于 "by" 和 "with" 的内容之前,我想说这些是基本的规则,
and there are always times in English when rules are broken or when there are exceptions.
英语中总是有些时候会打破基本的规则,总是有例外的时候。
Okay? And so these are the most basic of the rules with "by" and "with".
对吧?所以这些是关于 "by" 和 "with" 的基本规则。
Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.
好,所以让我们一起来看当我们在谈论名词的情况。
We've just talked about using "by" with a verb ending in "ing" to answer how to do something.
我们刚刚说完关于用 "by" 接 "ing" 结尾的动词 来回答如何做某事。
Well, we can also talk about how...When...By using a noun.
我们还可以使用名词来谈论如何...
So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.So let's look at some examples.
那么,提醒你一下什么是名词,它通常是一个人,一个地方,一件事或者一个想法。那么我们来看一些例子。
Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to "by" is we often use it with communication. Okay?
在我们看例子之前,一个主要的原则是我们在交流时经常会用到"by"。对吧?
So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use "by".
所以当我们在谈论我们如何交流时,我们经常用"by"。
We also use "by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.
当我们在谈论交通方式时,我们也会常常用到 "by"。
There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.
还有很多其他特殊情况,但是我希望你们现在知道的主要的一个就是当我们在谈论交通方式和通讯方式时。
So, for example: "I will contact you by email.""Email" is an example of a noun.
那么,举个例子:“我会用电子邮件联系你。”"Email" 就是一个名词的例子。
Okay? So this is not a verb.In this case this is a noun.
对吧?这不是一个动词。在这个句子里,用了一个名词。
"I will contact you by email."And email is a form of communication.
“我会用电子邮件联系你。”电子邮件就是一种通信的方式。
We can change this to: "I will contact you by phone.", "I will contact you by Messenger.""I will contact you by pigeon."
我们可以把这个句子改成:“我会打电话联系你的。”,“我会发短信联系你的。”“我会用飞鸽传书联系你的。”
That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.
这当然是不可能的,只是举一个我说的通信的例子。
"I will message you by text."Okay? So, again, these are communicated-based.
“我会用信息给你留言的。”对吧?所以,再说一次,这些是在通信中用的。
Then we use "by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.
我们还用 "by" 搭配交通方式,在我们谈论名词的时候。
So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?
那么,关于交通方式的名词有什么例子?
We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries. Okay?These...Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.
我们有公交车,地铁,自行车,船,飞机,渡轮。这些...摩托车,出租车,优步。
These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.
这是所有交通的方式,它们都是名词。
So we can use "by" when we're talking about these nouns."I will go by bus."
所以我们在谈论这些名词的时候可以用 "by"。“我会做公交车去。”
"I came by car."You'll also notice something.
“我坐车来的。”你也会注意到一些事。
When we use "by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.
当我们在用 "by" 加一个名词时,我们通常不用冠词。
So I don't say: "I will go by a bus." or "I came by a car."
所以我不会说:“我会坐一辆公交车去。”或者“我坐一辆车来的。”
It's usually without any article."I will go by bus."So there's no "the", no "a" here.
它通常是没有冠词的。“我会做公交车去。”所以这里没有"the",也没有 "a"。
"I will go by subway.", "I will go by airplane.", "I will go by bike." Okay?
“我会做地铁去。”,“我会坐飞机去。”,“我会骑自行车去。”对吧?
So, again, we often use "by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation,
那么,再说一次,当我们谈论通信和交通方式时,我们通常用 "by",
and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this is the main rule.
还有其他的情况,同样有各种的例外,但是这是主要的规则。
So now let's look at "how".I mean not "how", "with".Let's look at "with".Okay, so now let's talk about "with".
现在我们来看 "how"。我的意思不是 "how",而是 "with"。我们来看 "with"。好,现在我们来谈谈 "with"。
So just like "by", "with" answers the same question: How do you do something?
就像 "by" 一样,"with" 回答一样的问题:你是如何做某事的?
Okay? So the question is: How?So I have here some examples.How do Italians talk?
对吧?所以问题是:如何,怎么样?我举了一些例子。意大利人怎么说话?
Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: "Italians talk with their hands."
嗯,你知道,他们说话的方式不一样:“意大利人用手说话。”
For example, how do you point?"I point with my fingers." Okay.So, these are some examples with "with".
例如,你怎么点的?“我用手指点的。”那么,这是一些用 "with" 的例子。
So when we were talking about "by", we looked at "by" followed by a verb and followed by nouns, and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.
当我们谈到 "by" 时,我们注意到 "by" 后面跟动词或者名词,我们还说用名词时是如何经常跟通讯和交通方式搭配的。
With "with" we use it usually with a noun.So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like "hands" is a noun, "fingers" is a noun.
用 "with" 事,我们通常和一个名词搭配。那么,再说一次,名词是一个人,一个地方,或者一件事,像“手”是名词,“手指”是名词。
And we usually use "with"...And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it, but this is the main rule.
我们通常用 "with"...我说是的是通常,因为我们还有很多其他的情况,但是这时最主要的一种。
We use "with" with body parts, with...When we're talking about tools or different instruments. Okay?
我们用 "with" 搭配身体的部分,和...在我们在谈论工具或者不同的装备时。对吧?
So, for example: "Italians talk with their hands."So we have "with" here and we have a body part: "hands".
那么,举个例子:“意大利人用手说话。”我们在这里用 "with" 来接我们身体的一部分:“手”。
Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands."I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes."
或者,你知道,有听力障碍的人通常用手来讲话。“我用我的手指点的。”,“我用我的脚趾点的。”
Okay? So, again, we have another body part: "fingers".
对吧?那么,我们又搭配我们身体的一部分:“手指”。
"I think with my brain.", "I smile with my teeth and lips.", "I run with my legs."
“我用我的大脑思考。”,“我用我的牙齿和嘴唇微笑。”,“我用腿跑步。”
Okay? So we use it for body parts.We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.
对吧?所以我们用它来搭配身体各部分。我们还可以在讨论工具或者设备时用 "with"。
So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use."I cleaned the floor..."
所以当我在谈论设备时,我说得是我们用的东西。“我打扫了地板...”
How? How did you clean the floor?"Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop."So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.
怎么?你是怎么打扫地板的?“嗯,我用拖把打扫了地板。”那么拖把就是一个工具或者是设备。
You can say: "I cleaned the floor with a broom.", "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan."
你可以说:“我用扫帚打扫了地板。”,“我用簸箕打扫了地板。”
"I ate dinner with a fork."So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?
“我用叉子吃晚餐。”这是在回答:你是怎么吃晚餐的?
"I ate dinner with chopsticks.", "I ate dinner with a spoon." Okay?How did you cook?
“我用筷子吃晚餐。”,“我用勺子吃晚餐。”对吧?你是怎么做饭的?
"I cooked with a microwave.", "I cooked with a pot.", "I cooked with an oven."
“我用微波炉做饭。”,“我用煮锅做饭。”,“我用烤箱做饭。”
You know: How did you camp?"I camped with a tent."
还有:你如何露营的?“我用帐篷露营。”
So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments; things that help you do things.
所以我们在谈论身体的部分,工具或者设备时会常用 "with";工具就是可以帮助你做事的东西。
Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.
好,那么我们已经讲了大部分内容。
We've covered "by" with verbs, we've covered "by" with nouns, and we've covered "with" with nouns.
我们讲了 "by" 加动词,还讲了 "by" 加名词,还有 "with"加名词。
So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www. engvid. com.
我想邀请你登录我们的网站 www. engvid. com。
There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video. Okay?
那里,你可以做一个测试来练习你在这个视频里学到的内容。好吗?
You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.
今天的内容很多,所以我真的希望你们可以练习这些内容。
I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.
我还想邀请你关注我的 YouTube 频道。
There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening, and all things English.
那里,你可以发现很多其他的资源,有语法,发音,对话,听力等各种英语知识。
So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.
那么下次再见,感谢观看,保重。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
instrument ['instrumənt]

想一想再看

n. 乐器,工具,仪器,器械

联想记忆
transportation [.trænspə'teiʃən]

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n. 运输,运输系统,运输工具

联想记忆
pronunciation [prə.nʌnsi'eiʃən]

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n. 发音

联想记忆
communicate [kə'mju:nikeit]

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v. 交流,传达,沟通

联想记忆
spoon [spu:n]

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n. 匙,调羹,匙状物
vt. 以匙舀起

 
communication [kə.mju:ni'keiʃn]

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n. 沟通,交流,通讯,传达,通信

 
understand [.ʌndə'stænd]

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vt. 理解,懂,听说,获悉,将 ... 理解为,认为<

 
check [tʃek]

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n. 检查,支票,账单,制止,阻止物,检验标准,方格图案

联想记忆
conversation [.kɔnvə'seiʃən]

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n. 会话,谈话

联想记忆
messenger ['mesindʒə]

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n. 报信者,先驱

 

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