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The Bill of Rights says that Americans have a right to trial by jury, meaning that when they go to court, a small group of citizens decides whether a person has done something against the law, instead of having just one person, the judge (or the head of the court), decide.
“权利法案”规定美国人拥有由陪审团审判的权利，他们提起诉讼的时候，是由一小群公民，而不是仅由法官一人决定某人是否违法。
The Bill of Rights also says that the police cannot go into an American's home to look for something without a search warrant, which is specific permission for the police to search for something in a specific place, such as your home.
“权利法案”还规定，没有搜查令，警察不得擅自闯入美国人家中搜查，搜查令就是警察去你家等特殊地方搜查的专门许可。
The Bill of Rights also protects people from cruel and unusual punishment.
“权利法案”也保护人民免受酷刑和罕见的惩罚。
Something that is cruel is painful or unfair.
酷刑是指痛苦或不公平。
"Unusual" means not common or not normal.
“Unusual”是不常见或不正常的意思。
So the meaning here is that the punishment for a crime should not be too painful or strange, and that it should be a normal punishment for that kind of crime.
因此它在这里的意思是对某罪行的处罚不能过于痛苦或离奇，这种罪行应该受到正常的处罚。
The Second Amendment is controversial and is argued about because people in the U.S. have many strong opinions about it.
第二修正案存在着争议，那是因为很多美国人对它有着很多强烈的看法。
It protects people's right to keep and bear arms (or carry weapons, such as guns), so that they can protect themselves.
它保护人们持有和携带武器（如枪支等武器）的权利，这样的话人们可以自卫。
Recently in the U.S., having a gun without getting permission first has increased a lot.
美国最近出现很多未经许可而持有枪支的现象。
Many people have argued for stronger gun control laws so that it would be more difficult for people to own guns.
很多人呼吁出台更强大的控枪法律，这样人们就更难拥有枪支。
But other people say that gun control laws violate (or do something that is not allowed by) the Second Amendment.
但其他人说控枪法律违反了宪法第二修正案。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
