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第583期:英语的被动语态(1)

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定义

被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。

被动句的构成

be +动词过去分词
例:English is spoken by many people.
英语被许多人讲。

五个基本句型的构成

①肯定句
Clothes are used for keeping warm.
衣服用来保暖。
②否定句
Clothes are not used for keeping warm.
衣服不是用来保暖。
③一般疑问句
Are clothes used for keeping warm?
衣服用来保暖吗?
④特殊疑问句
What are clothes used for?
衣服用来做什么?
⑤有情态动词的被动句
Clothes must be kept warm.
衣服必须保持温暖。

被动句的重要时态

①一般现在时/过去时
主动:People regard him as brilliant.
被动:He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
主动:The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
②完成时态
A. 现在完成时被动语气:have been done
主动:We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.
被动:English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.
我们已经在学校里学了三年英语了。
主动:They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动:A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
主动:People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
主动:We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.
被动:Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.
核能被我们用来发电。
主动:No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动:He has never been beaten at tennis.
就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
B. 过去完成时被动语气:had been done
主动:Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动:My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人已把我的鞋子擦了。
主动:They had built three ships by last December.
被动:By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
rubbish ['rʌbiʃ]

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n. 垃圾,废物,废话
v. 贬损

 
plastic ['plæstik, plɑ:stik]

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adj. 塑料的,可塑的,造型的,整形的,易受影响的

 
brilliant ['briljənt]

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adj. 卓越的,光辉的,灿烂的
n. 宝石

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passive ['pæsiv]

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adj. 被动的,消极的
n. 被动性

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produce [prə'dju:s]

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n. 产品,农作物
vt. 生产,提出,引起,

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