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Hi there.My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to talk about something many students wonder about, and that is when we use "to" and "ing" together.
嗨。我是 Emma，今天的视频，我们来谈论很多学生都觉得困惑的问题，那就是我们什么时候用 "to" 搭配 "ing" 动词。
Sorry.Okay, so for example...Yeah: "What? ??"Many students, when they see this, it "poof" their minds;
抱歉。好，那么例如...嗯：“什么？？？”很多学生，当他们看到这个时，他们心里都“哇”一声；
they have no idea: What is this?It goes against all the rules they've learned.
他们不知道：这是什么？这和他们学过的所有规则都相违背。
So I'm going to explain to you when this happens, and how we can use it.So, let's look at some examples.
所以我打算向你们解释何时这种情况会发生，以及如何使用。所以，我们来看一些例子。
This is the most common example of this you will see: "I look forward to meeting you."
这是你能看到的最常见的例子：“我等不及见到你了。”
Notice we have our verb: "look forward", and then we have this little guy, here, "to", and then we also have "ing". Okay?So, in this case, it's very strange.
注意我们的动词："look forward"，之后我们有这个小家伙，在这里，"to"，然后我们加 "ing" 动词。对吧？所以，在这种情况下，这是非常奇怪的。
We're going to learn about why this is in a moment, but before we do that, I want to tell you some of the basic rules so you can understand,
我们来了解为什么在这种情况下是这样的，但在我们了解之前，我想告诉你一些你可以理解的基本规则，
first off: What am I talking about with "ing", and what am I talking about with "to"?
首先：我用 "ing" 动词谈论的是什么，以及我用 "to"谈论的是什么？
So let's look at the basic rules.This is all about when you have two verbs in a sentence.
那么我们来看一下基本规则。这全是关于一个句子中有两个动词时的情况。
For example: "thank" is the first verb, and "help" is the second verb. Okay?
例如："thank" 是第一个动词，"help" 是第二个动词。对吧？
What you will notice in English, the first rule is: Any time you have a preposition between the first verb and the second, you're going to use "ing".
你在英语中要注意的是，第一个规则：当你在第一个动词和第二个动词之间有一个介词时，那么你要用 "ing" 动词。
A preposition is a word like "for", "to", "about", "toward", "up", "down", "in", "out", all of these words that kind of tell us where something is located, these are called "prepositions".
介词是一种单词，比如："for"，"to"，"about"，"toward"，"up"，"down"，"in"，"out"，所有这些告诉我们关于某物位于哪里的单词，都被称为“介词”。
So, whenever you see a preposition after a verb, this next verb is going to end in "ing".
所以，不管什么时候你发现介词在一个动词后面，那么接下来的动词一定以 "ing"结尾。
So our example here: "I thank you for helping me."Similarly, we have our verb: "interested", "I'm interested", so this is the verb.And we have a second verb: "learn".
那么我们的例子是：“感谢你帮助我。”同样地，我们有动词：“感兴趣”，“我感兴趣”，那么这是动词。我们还有第二个动词：“学习。”
So, if we have a preposition after the first verb: "I'm interested in", you're going to see that the second verb is going to end in "ing".
所以，如果我们在第一个动词后面有介词，"I'm interested in"，你要注意第二个动词要以"ing"结尾。
"I'm interested in learning English."So we don't say: "I'm interested in to learn English."
“我对学英语很感兴趣。”所以我们不说："I'm interested in to learn English."
Similarly, we don't say: "I thank you to help me."If you have a preposition like "for", "in", "out", you are going to have the second verb with "ing".
同样，我们也不说："I thank you to help me."如果你有介词像"for"，"in"，"out"，你要在第二个动词后加 "ing"。
Okay, some verbs...These are verbs without prepositions.
好，一些动词...这些是不带介词的动词。
If we have two verbs and there's no preposition between them, they will be either verb with a second verb ending in "ing", or a verb plus the second verb beginning in "to".
如果我们有两个动词，而且他们中间没有介词，则第二个动词要么就是 "ing" 结尾，要么是前面加一个 "to"。
So let's look at some examples so you understand what I'm talking about.Okay, I have here the verb "enjoy".
那么我们来看一些例句，这样你会理解我在说什么。好，我有一个动词 "enjoy"。
Here's my first verb.Think of a second verb we can use.Let's say "eat".
这是我的第一个动词。想想我们可以用的第二个动词。我们说 "eat"。
With the verb "enjoy", the verb that follows is always going to end in "ing".
因为有了动词 "enjoy"，那么后面跟的动词总是以 "ing" 结尾的。
"I enjoy eating.""I enjoy reading.""I enjoy listening to music.""I enjoy shopping."
“我喜欢吃东西。”“我喜欢阅读。”“我喜欢听音乐。”“我喜欢购物。”
Okay? So, in this case, all...The second verb will always end in "ing".
对吧？所以，在这种情况下，所有的...第二个动词都要以 "ing" 结尾。
We have another example, here: "I started"."I started", let's think of a verb, any verb."Fish"."I started fishing."
我们来看另一个例子，这里：“我开始”。“我开始”，我们来想一个动词，任何动词。“钓鱼”。“我开始钓鱼。”
So, again, this is the first verb, here's the second verb, second verb ends in "ing".
所以，再说一次，这是第一个动词，这是第二个动词，第二个动词以 "ing" 结尾。
I en-...Or: "I started drinking.""I started eating my dinner." Okay?
我...或者：“我开始喝酒。”“我开始吃完饭了。”对吧？
Then we also have some verbs that you will see...Here's the first verb: "decided".
接着我们还有一些动词，你可以看到...这里有第一个动词："decided"。
The second verb does not end in "ing"."I decided to", what's a verb we can use here?
第二个动词并不以"ing"结尾。"I decided to"，我们在这里可以用什么动词？
"Watch"."I decided to watch TV." Okay?"I want to eat ice cream."
"Watch"。“我决定看电视。”对吧？“我想要吃冰激凌。”
So, in this case, we have two verbs - so verb one, verb two; verb one, verb two - the second verb begins with the word "to".
所以，在这种情况下，我们有两个动词 - 动词一，动词二；动词一，动词二 - 第二个动词开头加单词 "to"。
Now, other teachers on engVid have already covered this information.
目前，其他 engVid 的老师已经讲过了这部分的内容。
What you will notice is that some verbs are always like this, some verbs are always like this, and some verbs do both.
你会注意到的是，有些动词一直是像这样，而另一些单词是像这样，一些动词两种情况都有。
It's pretty much you have to memorize: when is it "ing"...?Sorry. "ing", and when is it "to"?
你要记得内容有很多：什么时候是"ing"...？抱歉。"ing"，还有什么时候是 "to"？
What we're really interested in today is this, this really confusing thing: Why is it "ing" and "to"? All right?
我们今天真正感兴趣的是这个，这才是真正困惑的地方：为什么是 "ing" 和 "to"？对吧？
So let's look at some more examples of this, and I will tell you the rule on when we use "ing" and "to" together.
所以我们来多看几个这方面的例子，我会告诉你我们何时用"ing" 和 "to" 的规则。
Okay, so I've explained to you the three rules we use when we have two verbs together. Okay?
好，所以我已经解释了三种当我们有两个动词在一起时的规则，对吧？
Sometimes you have a verb followed by "ing", sometimes you have a verb followed by "to", and in the case of prepositions, you have a verb followed by "ing".
有时候你在动词后加 "ing"，有时候加 "to"，在有介词的情况下，你要在动词后加 "ing"。
So I've taught you these three rules.Now we're going to look at when we have both "ing" and "to" together.
所以我已经告诉了你三种规则。现在，我们来看什么时候我们同时用到 "ing" 和 "to"。
Okay? So, "ing" and "to" together.So in this case, we have two verbs.The first verb is: "I look forward to".
好吗？所以，"ing" 和 "to" 在一起。在这种情况下，我们有两个动词。第一个动词是：“我期望。”
The second verb is: "meeting". Okay?So we have two verbs.In this case, "to" is acting as a preposition.
第二个动词是：“meeting”。对吧？所以我们有两个动词。在这种情况下，"to"是作为一个介词。
Okay? So just like what we said before with "up", "down", "in", "out", in this case, "to" is a preposition.
对吧？所以就像我们之前说的，有 "up"，"down"，"in"，"out"，在这个例子里，"to" 是一个介词。
This is actually a phrasal verb.It's actually almost like it's the same verb."To" is a part of "look forward".
这实际上是一个动词短语。实际上，它就好比是同一个动词。"To" 是 "look forward" 的一部分。
You can't have: "I look forward meeting". No."To" is a part of the verb.
你不能说："I look forward meeting"。不行。"To" 是动词的一部分。
So, in this case because it's a phrasal verb and "to" is a preposition, "meeting" is going to have "ing".
所以，在这个例子里因为它是一个动词短语，而 "to" 是一个介词，所以 "meeting" 带 "ing"。
Another way to look at this is if you look at this next example: "I look forward to ice cream."
另一种理解方式是如果你看下一个例子：“我想要冰淇淋。”
In this case, we only have one verb.We have "look forward to", this is the verb, "ice cream".
在这个例句里，我们只有一个动词。我们有 "look forward to"，这是动词，"ice cream"。
We don't have a second verb; instead, we have a noun.This is fine.This is the test you can do.
我们没有第二个动词；相反，我们有一个名词。这是可以的。这是你可能在测试中做的。
If "to" can be followed only by a noun, then we know that it's actually a part of the verb. Okay?
如果 "to" 后面只跟了一个名词，我们就知道它确实是动词的一部分了。对吧？
So: "I look forward to ice cream."I can do this with "to", but I can't say: "I hope to ice cream."
所以：“我想要冰淇淋。”我可以用 "to"搭配这个，但是我不能说：“我希望冰淇淋。”
In this case, this does not work; "to" is separate, so we...
在这个例子里，这是无效的；"to" 是单独的，所以我们...
It's separate from "hope", so we could say instead: "I hope to eat", you'd need to add a verb, here."I need to eat ice cream."
它和 "hope" 是分开的，所以我们这么可以说：“我想要吃”，你需要在这里加一个动词。“我需要吃冰淇淋。”
So in this case, "to" is a part of it, it's a preposition; in this case, when we have two verbs, "to" is separating them.
所以在这个例子，"to" 是动词的一部分，它是一个介词；而在这个例子，我们有两个动词，"to" 和它们是分开的。
So they're two different cases.Let's look at some more examples."You will get used to living here."
所以它们是两种不同情况。我们再来看一些例子。“你会习惯住在这的。”
We have the verb "get used to", it's considered like one chunk: "get used to".
我们有动词 "get used to"，它被认为是一整体："get used to"。
It's a phrasal verb.And then we have our second verb."You will get used to living here."We have "to" and we also have "ing".
是一个动词短语。之后我们加第二个动词。"You will get used to living here."我们有 "to"，我们还有 "ing" 动词。
In this case, "to" is a preposition, and that's why it is followed by a verb with "ing"."Get used to" means to become accustomed to.
在这种情况下，"to" 是一个介词，而这就是它后面为什么加 "ing" 动词。"Get used to" 意思是习惯某事。
Okay? So, for example, some of my students have come to Canada, and at first the cold is very terrible in the wintertime,
对吧？所以，比如，我的学生中有些去了加拿大，一开始冬天的严寒是很难熬的，
they hate the cold, but they get used to it, and then the cold is no problem; they get accustomed to it.
他们讨厌寒冷，但是他们习惯了寒冷后，寒冷就不是问题了；他们已经适应了。
Again, just like with this, we could change this to a noun.
再说一次，就像这样，我们可以把它变成名词。
I could say: "You will get used to winter.", "You will get used to English."Or I can have a verb.
我可以说：“你会习惯冬天的。”，“你会习惯英语的。”或者我可以用一个动词。
Both are possible, so we know that this is a chunk.
两者都可以，所以我们知道它们是一体的。
We have another example: "Judge Judy, Judge Judy objects to lying."
还有一个例子：“朱迪法官，朱迪法官反对说谎。”
"Objects" means she gets angry, she does not approve; she disapproves of lying.
"Objects" 意思是她生气了，她不赞同；她反对说慌。
So, again, we have "to" and we have "ing" together.
那么，再说一次，我们有 "to" 和 "ing" 动词一起搭配。
The verb is "objects to", it's one unit.And "lying" is our second verb.
动词是 "objects to"，它是一个整体。而 "lying" 是我们的第二个动词。
Okay? A third example: "I resorted to stealing." Okay?"I resorted to stealing."Or "I confessed to stealing."
对吧？第三个例子：“我。”对吧？“我诉诸偷窃。”或“我承认偷窃。”
If you resort to something, it means although you didn't really want to do it, you had to do it.
如果你诉诸某事，意思是尽管你不是真的想这么做，但是你不得不这么做。
So, for example, imagine I have a big test and I know I'm going to fail, so I decide to cheat.
比如，假设我有一个大型的考试我知道我一定会不及格，所以我决定作弊。
I resorted to cheating.Usually we resort to doing something bad.So: "I resorted to stealing."
我诉诸作弊。通常，我们诉诸做的都是不好的事。所以：“我诉诸偷窃。”
Again, we have "to", and we have "ing".The reason we have both is "resorted" and "to" are a unit; they go together.
再一次，我们有 "to" 和 "ing" 动词。我们有两者的原因是 "resorted" 和 "to" 是一个整体；它们一起出现。
They always go together, so we can't say: "I resort stealing", it's always: "I resorted to stealing."
它们一直在一起，所以我们不能说："I resort stealing"，而一直是："I resorted to stealing."
Same with the word "confess".If you confess to something, it means you tell someone what you did wrong.
"confess" 这个词也是一样的。如果你承认做某事，意思是你告诉某人你做错了什么。
Okay, so: "I confessed to stealing."So, again, just like "resorted to", "confessed to", it's one unit. Okay?So these words go together.
好，所以：“我承认偷窃。”那么，再说一次，就像"resorted to"，"resorted to"，也是一个整体。对吧？所以这些词在一起。
"To", in this case, is a proposition, "confess to" is a phrasal verb, so afterwards, "stealing" is going to end in "ing".
"To"，在这个例子里，是一个介词，"confess to" 是一个动词短语，然后，"stealing" 是以 "ing" 结尾。
Okay, our final example: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica."This means: "I'm against living in Antarctica."
好，我们最后一个例子：“我反对住在南极洲。”意思是：“我反对住在南极洲。”
I don't know why I'm against it.I mean, I guess I hate the cold, although I love penguins.
我不知道我为什么反对它。我的意思是，我想我讨厌寒冷，尽管我喜欢企鹅。
I'm going to say: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica."Now, "I'm opposed to", it's a unit; it goes together.It's a phrasal verb.
我想说：“我反对住在 Antarctica。”"I'm opposed to"，它是一个整体；它要一起出现。它是一个动词短语。
So, this means that it's a verb that always has "to" as a preposition.
那么，这意味着这个动词总是要带 "to" 作为介词。
So, because "to" is a preposition, the verb afterwards is going to have "ing".
这样，因为 "to" 是一个介词，后面的动词要加 "ing"。
So: "I'm opposed to living in Antarctica.""I'm opposed to drinking and driving.","I'm opposed to doing drugs." Okay?
所以：“我反对住在南极洲。”“我反对酒后驾车。”“我反对吸毒。”对吧？
So, again, I could even get rid of this and use a noun, I could say: "I'm opposed to drugs.""I'm opposed to doing drugs."
那么，我可以把这个去掉该用一个名词，我可以说：“我反对毒品。”“我反对生产毒品。”
All right, so again, key here: Sometimes we have "to" and "ing" together between a verb.
好，那么再强调一下，关键是：有时候我们把 "to" 和 "ing" 动词搭配在一起。
We do this when we have "to" as a phrasal verb, and "to" is acting as a preposition.
当我们有 "to" 作为一个动词短语，作为一个介词时，我们要这么做。
All right, so I hope you come visit our website at www. engvid. com.
好，我希望你们登录我们的网站www. engvid. com.
There, you can do a quiz to make sure that you understand this video, and that you have mastered the concepts in it.
那里你可以做一个测试，来确保你理解了本节课，掌握了其中的概念。
You'll also see a lot more examples of when we use "to" and "ing".
你还可以发现更多关于我们用"to" 和 "ing"动词的例子。
So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.
那么下次再见，感谢观看，保重。
