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Segment 22A. Introduction.
第22段第一部分，简介
The Bolshevik party had seized the reins of power in Russia.
布尔什维克党在俄国掌权
But the first world war was not yet over.
但那时第一次世界大战尚未结束
Moreover, potential enemies were everywhere, internal and external.
此外，国内外到处都潜伏着敌人
The world revolution promised by Marx was becoming less and less likely.
马克思说会出现的世界革命越来越不可能成为现实
The Bolsheviks would therefore have to create a Soviet Russian state out of scratch.
因此布尔什维克不得不从头开始重新创建一个苏维埃俄国
The tensions between building this Russian Soviet state and the drive toward world revolution would create big problems in the 1920s.
建立俄国苏维埃同进行世界革命的动力之间的紧张关系在20世纪20年代造成了巨大的问题
In segment 22B, the uncivilized wars,
在第22段第二部分，野蛮战争
we will trace the various classes of adversaries faced by the infant Bolshevik regime which now called themselves the communists.
刚刚成立的布尔什维克政权现在已经叫他们为共产主义者了，下面我们将探讨他们所面临的各阶级敌人
These problems included the relationship of foreign nations with established armies,
这些问题包括外交上要面临新组建的军队的问题
the so-called white Russian armies which appeared during this time period,
即在这期间出现的俄国白军
and the liberation movements which sprang up in non-Russian parts of the former Russian empire.
以及前俄罗斯帝国非俄国区域出现的解放运动
Ultimately the Soviet Red Army prevailed but at a tremendous cost.
最终，苏维埃红军赢得了胜利，但付出了巨大的代价
Millions of civilians died and the Russian nation's infrastructure was all but destroyed.
数以百万计的平民死亡，俄国的基础设施悉数被摧毁
