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This is Everyday Grammar. I'm Lucija.
欢迎收看《每日语法》栏目，我是露西佳。
And I'm Kaveh. I'm really excited today!
我是卡维。我今天很兴奋！
We're talking about Reported Speech.
我们要讲间接引语了。
Why are you so excited about that?
你为什么这么兴奋?
Because it is very useful for English learners to know.
因为它对英语学习者来说非常有用。
Native speakers use Reported Speech in everyday conversation.
母语使用者在日常会话中常用间接引语。
What part of Reported Speech do you want to go over?
你想复习间接引语的哪个部分?
I was thinking about Informal Reported Speech.
我在想非正式间接引语。
That sound good! Sometimes Americans use strange verbs and verb tense when they report speech.
听起来不错！美国人在间接引语中有时会使用奇怪的动词和动词时态。
In conversation, Americans often quote direct speech, the exact words a person said,
在谈话中，美国人经常引用直接引语，也就是完全用某人所说的话，
Exactly! And in writing and formal reported speech, people use the past tense.
是的！在书面和正式报告中，人们使用过去时。
For example, Sammy was walking to school. He saw his friends and said," I won the lottery!"
例如： Sammy was walking to school. He saw his friends and said," I won the lottery!"（萨米正步行上学。他看到朋友们说：“我中了彩票。”）
But sometimes, when telling a story, Americans report speech with the present tense instead.
但有时在讲故事时，美国人的间接引语却用现在时。
Right! So, the earlier example would then be:
没错！那么，之前的例子会是：
Sammy was walking to school. He sees his friends and says," I won the lottery!"
Sammy was walking to school. He sees his friends and says," I won the lottery!"（萨米正步行上学。他看到朋友们说：“我中了彩票。”）
But why does the tense change from past to present then?
但是为什么过去时会变成现在时呢？
Because the present tense makes the story sound more immediate and exciting.
因为现在时使故事听起来更直接和刺激。
This is what we call the "historic present tense".
这就是我们所说的“历史现在时”。
The good news is that you don't need to memorize this verb tense.
好消息是你不需要记住动词的时态。
You do not ever need to use it, either.
你也不需要使用它。
But it's still good to know, so you won't be confused when you hear a native speaker use it.
但知道这一点仍很好，当你听到一个说母语的人使用它时，就不会感到困惑了。
