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We all feel a little blue at times - maybe we had a bad day or week - and that makes us sad, lack motivation,
我们有时都会感到有些沮丧—或许我们这一天这个星期都过得很糟糕—这让我们心情低落、缺乏动力
or have no interest in going out with our friends, or participate in activities we would normally enjoy.
或失去了和朋友玩耍的兴趣，又或是不愿意参与我们通常喜爱的活动。
Being unwilling to do the things we love, like meeting up with our closest friends, or even trying to do well in school or at our jobs doesn't usually last long.
不愿意做我们喜欢的事情，比如和闺蜜见面或者甚至是在学校工作中努力，这样的情绪通常不会持续很长时间。
Once everything's settled, we return to our normal selves. Well, most of us.
一旦事情解决，我们就回归到原来的自己。嗯，大部分人是这样。
People suffering from anhedonia can't. So, what is anhedonia?
那些患有快感缺乏症的人就并非如此。那么快感缺乏是什么呢？
Anehedonia is defined as the inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable
快感缺乏被定义为没有从有趣的活动中体会到欢乐的能力
or the impaired ability to pursue, experience and/or learn about pleasure, which is often, but not always, associated with conscious awareness.
或是追求、体验和/或学习欢乐的能力受损。通常，但不一定与自觉意识相关联。
The term was first introduced by Théodule-Armand Ribot.
该术语由Théodule-Armand Ribot首次提出。
It's easier to understand this with examples, such as a mother not finding joy, playing with her child, or a passionate dancer not being eager to dance.
有例子会更利于理解快感缺乏，例如一位母亲找不到和孩子玩耍的乐趣，或者激情四射的舞者渴望跳舞。
Another alternative theory suggests that anhedonia comes from the inability to sustain good feelings over time.
另一种替换理论也暗示快感缺乏来源于失去长时间保持好心情的能力。
In this case, you might feel pleasure fully, but only for a short time, meaning your interest and involvement aren't maintained.
在这种情形下，你或许会感觉到满满的欢乐，但只是暂时的，这意味着你的兴趣和参与无法得以维持。
What types of anhedonia are there?
那么快感缺乏类型有哪些?
Consummatory exists when a person gains no satisfaction from activities previously or not considered enjoyable. There's no anticipation for a reward.
当一个人无法从活动中获得乐趣或是觉得这些活动毫无乐趣时，就会出现完善行为。因为，没有预期奖励。
Motivational describes a person who shows no interest in taking part in pleasurable activities because a reward isn't enough of a motivation to them.
动机型描述的是那些对参加活动毫无兴趣的人，因为活动奖励不足以激励他们。
Social is for a person who withdraws from all social gatherings and contacts. They have no interest in interacting or making friends.
社交是为那些从社交场合和接触中撤退的人准备的。他们对社交或交朋友都不感兴趣。
They want to be alone all the time and have a hard time adjusting socially, contrasting to introversion.
他们只想独处，他们觉得适应社交很困难，这与内向型形成对比。
Sexual or ejaculatory is most common in men and qualifies the state of not feeling fulfillment or enjoyment from sexual action,
性或XX在男性中非常普遍，无法从中感到满足或欢乐，
the form of anhedonia might be caused by low testosterone levels, fatigue, or physical illness.
快感缺乏的这种形式或许源于较低的睾酮水平、疲劳或是生理疾病。
The fifth type is the specific musical anhedonia.
第五种类型是特定音乐快感缺乏。
In this case, the individual has no problem processing musical sound or beats, but receives no pleasure from listening to music.
这种情况下，个人处理乐音或节奏时毫无问题，但却无法从听音乐中获取快乐。
This state, however, should not be confused with melophobia, which is the fear of music.
然而这种状态不应与音乐恐惧症相混淆，即害怕音乐。
The symptoms of anhedonia are many, ranging from being incredibly flat-mooded, with no variations,
快感缺乏症状有很多，从毫无变化的心情平静
to the suffering individual, being unable to react properly or feel anything.
到经历孤独，无法对感觉做出适量反应。
It is associated with many, schizophrenia, spectrum disorders, depression, and social anxiety.
它和许多疾病有关，如精神分裂症、 自闭症、抑郁或社会性焦虑。
Anhedonia may result from the breakdown in the brains reward system.
快感缺乏或许是由于大脑奖赏系统的破损。
Every time we feel pleasure, the neurotransmitter chemical called dopamine fills the part of our brain called striatum.
我们每次感觉到快乐时，被称为多巴胺的神经递质化学物质遍布大脑的纹状体。
The disease may be linked with a lower activity in a part of our brain called the prefrontal cortex.
这种疾病或许与大脑前额皮质部分活跃度较低有关。
Anhedonia causes its effects through this cortex, which controls the dopamine releases.
快感缺乏通过这种皮质产生相应效果，该皮质控制多巴胺的释放。
Though it is related to depression and anxiety disorder, anhedonia isn't the only reason for these disorders.
虽然其与抑郁和焦虑症有关，但快感缺乏并不是这些疾病导致的唯一原因。
Risk factors of it are a history of major depression disorder (MDD) or schizophrenia, a recent traumatic or stressful event,
快感缺乏的危险因素是重性抑郁症（MDD）历史或精神分裂症，一项近期创伤或压力事件，
a history of abuse or neglect, a major illness, an eating disorder, or even a recreational drug use.
虐待或忽略的历史、一场重病、饮食失调或甚至是娱乐性毒品。
The disease can only be diagnosed through counseling. You should tell your therapist about your symptoms, including the loss of experiencing pleasure.
这种疾病仅能通过咨询得以诊断。你应该告诉你的心理医生自己的症状，包括无法体会到欢乐。
Your doctor may want to run a blood test, check for vitamin deficiency or a thyroid problem.
你的医生或许希望你化验血，检查维生素缺乏或甲状腺问题。
Unfortunately, there's no validated treatment, especially for social anhedonia.
不幸的是，并没有验证治疗，特别是没有针对社交乐趣缺的治疗。
There's no medication developed specifically aiming at anhedonia.
还没有开发针对快感缺乏的药物。
Have you ever experienced one of the types of anhedonia? Or do you know someone who does? Comment below.
你经历过快感缺乏么？或者你知道有谁患有这种疾病？请在下方留言。
Thanks for watching Psych2Go! And don't forget to subscribe for more.
感谢收看。不要忘记订阅。
