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So, the issue of who to let into this country and who to not let into this country is about as old as the country itself.
建国以来，允许谁不允许谁进入这个国家的问题就一直困扰着美国。
It’s an issue that America’s debated since the early 19th century
自19世纪初以来，美国一直在争论这一问题，
and we’ve admitted people from nearly every single country since.
也接收了来自几乎世界所有国家的人民。
But it hasn’t really been an even admission process.
但这并不是一个机会均等的入场过程。
So, this line represents 200,000 legal immigrants to the US
这条线代表了20万合法的美国移民，
and we’re going to stack them up to see when they came to the US and where they came from.
我们把他们叠起来看看他们什么时候来到美国的，以及他们分别来自哪里。
So early on, most were European, largely Irish, German, and British.
最初，大部分美国移民都来自欧洲，这些移民又主要是爱尔兰人，德国人和英国人。
And there were also, Chinese and Canadian immigrants.
除了他们之外，也有一些来自中国和加拿大的移民。
But in 1882, the US passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.
然而，美国于1882年通过了排华法案，禁止中国移民长达10年之久。
That was extended and then made permanent —and it wasn’t repealed for 61 years.
这一期限后来被延长了，美国甚至打算一直延长下去 - 后来一直持续了61年才废除。
The economic depression of the 1890s decreased European immigration and nearly stopped Canadian immigration entirely.
19世纪90年代的经济萧条导致来自欧洲的移民数目减少，来自加拿大的移民甚至可以说是完全没有了。
But after the depression, the demographics of immigrants changed.
经济萧条之后，移民人口来源发生了变化。
And there was a rise in Russian, Italians, Spanish, and Japanese immigrants.
来自俄罗斯、意大利、西班牙和日本的移民人数有所增加。
In 1917, the US banned immigration from Asian countries entirely— except from the Philippines and Japan.
1917年，美国彻底禁止了亚洲人民移民美国 - 菲律宾和日本人除外。
In 1921, the US capped immigration based on nationality.
1921年，美国以国籍为由限制移民。
This severely limited the ability to immigrate to the US for people not from the western hemisphere or a country with older roots in the US.
这严重限制了西半球之外或与美国没有深厚渊源的国家移民美国的机会。
Then, the Great Depression happened.
接着，大萧条发生了。
All immigration plummeted.
各国移民美国的人数均大幅下降。
Then, World War II happened.
不久，第二次世界大战接踵而至。
The US refused to increase immigration caps for 20,000 Jewish children fleeing Nazi rule.
美国不仅拒绝为逃离纳粹统治的20,000名犹太儿童调整移民上限，
It also stopped naturalization proceedings for Italians, Germans, and Japanese.
还停止了为意大利人，德国人和日本人办理入籍手续。
In 1952, the US stopped excluding immigrants based on race.
1952年，美国终止了基于种族排斥移民的做法。
But more stringent quotas meant most slots were for Western Europeans.
然而，更严格的配额意味着大部分移民名额都是为西欧人准备的。
In 1965, the quota system was entirely repealed.
1965年，配额限制被完全废除。
It allowed for a far more diverse group of immigrants, particularly from Central America and South America, but also Asia.
此举使得移民来源得以变得丰富，特别是给来自中美洲和南美洲的移民群体，还有亚洲移民群体提供了移民美国的机会。
In the 1970s and 80s, Asian immigrants arrived in huge numbers, largely from the Philippines, South Korea, India, and Hong Kong.
七八十年代，亚洲移民，主要来自菲律宾，韩国，印度和香港，大量涌入美国。
The US also evacuated a 130,000 people from Vietnam after the war.
越战后，美国还从越南撤离了13万人。
In the 1990s, the US increased immigration caps to 700,000 annually.
到了90年代，美国将年移民上限上调至70万人次，
The country began to invest in border security to discourage unauthorized immigration,
并且开始加强边境安全，阻止移民非法入境，
but in exchange allowed nearly 1.7 million Mexican immigrants in the 1990s.
作为条件，九十年代美国为将近170万墨西哥人开放了移民通道。
Immigration to the US is now more diverse than ever,
如今，移民美国的人口来源比以往任何时候都更加多样化，
but with the rise of ISIS and the Syrian refugee crisis,
然而，随着伊斯兰国和叙利亚难民危机的出现，
prominent politicians are again talking about which immigrant groups to restrict.
政界名人们又开始讨论对哪些移民团体进行限制这一话题了。
If you want to see how people from a specific country came to the US, click here for the full interactive.
如果您想了解某个特定国家的人怎样申请移民美国，请点击此处查看完整信息。
