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秃顶星人的福利就要来了!

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Some very hairy mice are bringing us another step closer to un-LOCKing a way to regenerate a full head of hair.

一些毛茸茸的老鼠正带领我们在解锁头发再生新姿势的路上迈开新的一步。
Did somebody say a pun?!
有人听出这句话里的双关了吗?!
About 50% of men and 25% of women experience at least partial hair loss by the age of 50,
约50%的男性,25%的女性在50岁之前都会或多或少地遇到脱发问题,
whether due to age, medical treatments, or disease.
无论是因为年龄,治疗还是疾病。
Current options for those looking to reverse this loss include things like medications that may slow hair loss
当前,对于那些希望挽救这种损失的人群来说,他们手里的选择有服用减缓头发脱落的药物
and transplants from hair follicles elsewhere on the body.
或者移植身体其他部位的毛囊。
But neither have the often desired effect of restoring a thick and full volume of hair.
但这两种办法都无法让头发恢复从前的浓密。
Researchers have been optimizing techniques for culturing “hair follicle germs” in a dish for years.
多年来,研究人员一直在优化培养“毛囊细菌”的技术。
There are 2 key types of cells that help hair follicles develop before we’re born --
在出生之前,我们就有两种关键的可以帮助毛囊发育的细胞-
epithelial cells that help us create skin, and mesenchymal cells that help us create a variety of connective tissues --
帮助我们皮肤生长的上皮细胞和帮助形成各种结缔组织的间充质细胞 -
so researchers copied this strategy from the embryo into the lab and they got hair follicles to grow!
所以,研究人员就将这一策略从胚胎复制到了实验室,还真的培养除了毛囊!
Though, these techniques were never high yield enough to produce the amount of follicles needed to restore a full head of hair -- to its previous luxurious glory -- until now…
尽管,到目前为止,这些技术还没有达到能够培养出恢复一整头浓密头发所需的毛囊数量的水平
Recently, Japanese researchers made improvements to this protocol,
最近,日本研究人员对该方案进行了改进,
and then designed a special, oxygen-permeable mini-chip to scale up the farming of follicles, growing up to about 5000 at once.
设计出了一种特殊的能够扩大毛囊培养规模的透氧微型芯片,培养数量一下子上升到了将近5000个。
The “chip” isn’t like a computer chip though -- it’s a tiny polymer structure with little wells in it.
但这个“芯片”跟电脑芯片可不一样啊 - 它是一个很小的聚合结构,里面有非常小的小囊。
They grow the follicles, add a collagen and mesh layer for easy handling, and transplant right to the head where hopefully, it takes hold and grows like normal hair.
培养毛囊的时候,他们会添加胶原蛋白进去,为了便于操作还会放一层网层,然后直接移植到头上,顺利的话就能在头皮上固定下来,像正常的头发一样生长。
They showed that transplanting these follicles onto immunodeficient mice led to lots of new hairs being formed within just 18 days!
研究显示,将这些毛囊移植到存在免疫缺陷的老鼠身上后,短短18天时间里就长出了大量新毛!
That's pretty quick.
还真的挺快呢。
They could easily transfer cells from their chip to a collagen matrix for uniform transplant with follicles nice and evenly spaced out,
他们能够轻松地将细胞从他们的芯片转移到胶原蛋白基质中,并且能够均匀地移植,让毛囊均匀地分开,
which would make for practical harvesting when it comes time to transplant cells grown with these chips onto humans.
这样一来,将用这些芯片培养出的细胞移植到人体上的时候就能够实现联合收割。
While these engineers made big progress in the scale-up and efficiency of growing hair follicles on a chip,
虽然这些工程师在用芯片培养毛囊的规模和效率方面取得了重大进展,
3

their tests WERE all done with immune-deficient mice.

但他们的测试全部都是有免疫缺陷的老鼠完成的。
But it’s not always a great idea to suppress a human’s immune system.
然而要压抑人体的免疫系统并不总是一个好主意。
It leaves them vulnerable to infections.
因为这样人会很容易受到感染。
So, each patient would need their own personal source of hair follicle before we could make this a reality.
这样一来,在我们能够真正实现这一技术之前,每位病患都需要用他们自己特定的毛囊。
Fortunately, hair follicles do contain stem cells capable of regenerating new hairs, among other cells.
幸运的是,毛囊含有能够再生新毛发的干细胞和其他细胞。
Meaning that perhaps in the future instead of transplanting follicles from another part of the body,
这就意味着将来或许我们不用从身体的另一部分移植毛囊,
scientists can take a few follicles from a patient, expand them in culture, then transplant way more back onto your bald spot!
科学家们可以从病人身上取几个毛囊进行培养,然后再大量移植到你秃顶的地方!
Savage, for those eagerly waiting solutions, don't worry, they’re coming for us! Keep putting sunscreen on the back of your head everyone.
野蛮,那些热切期待解决方案的人,别着急,方案已经在路上了!大家伙们继续往后脑勺涂防晒霜噢。
We have the machinery, scientists just need a little more time to figure out the cells that’ll grow in them.
体系我们已经有了,科学家只需要再一点点的时间来弄清能够培养的细胞就够了。
Before you go, everyone.This is Sam! Hi.
最后,来给大家介绍一下,这位是Sam。大家好!
Sam is going to be on the channel more often from now on,
今后她会经常出来跟大家见面,
she’s amazing, she studies neurobiology and I predict -- like hair --she’s going to grow on you!
她老厉害了,研究神经生物学的,我猜,你们会成为她的试验品,培养头发什么的。
That is an excellent/horrible pun.
这个双关不错噢,其实很糟糕。
Hi everyone! I’m super excited, I will need to up my pun game for sure.
嗨,大家好!能够认识大家我超级兴奋的,看来我也要好好练练双关了。
No, your puns are great.
不不不,你的双关用的挺6的。
You can also find sam over on instagram
大家也可以在Instagram上找到她。
Yep! I’m @Science.Sam and I talk about my work in Neuroscience and other science communication topics all the time.
没错。我的账号是Science.Sam,我会经常分享我在神经科学方面的工作,以及其他学科的话题。
Thanks for watching! Did you know that we shared our DNA with neanderthals?
感谢观看!你知道我们和尼安德特人的DNA是一样的吗?
And they shared it with us too, if you know what we mean. Watch this video to learn more.
他们和我们的基因是一样的,如果你懂我们的意思的话。详细内容请观看这期视频。
Did you know theres a special word for something that produces hair? It's called trichogenic, and insects and other arthropods have these cells too.
你知道生长头发的那个东西有一个专门的词汇吗?它叫做“毛状体”,昆虫和其他节肢动物也有这种细胞。
Thanks again for watching Seeker!
再次感谢大家观看《科学探索之旅》频道!

重点单词   查看全部解释    
regenerate [ri'dʒenərit]

想一想再看

vt. 再生
adj. 再生的,复原的

联想记忆
source [sɔ:s]

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n. 发源地,来源,原始资料

 
stem [stem]

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n. 茎,干,柄,船首
vi. 起源于

 
scale [skeil]

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n. 鳞,刻度,衡量,数值范围
v. 依比例决

 
previous ['pri:vjəs]

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adj. 在 ... 之前,先,前,以前的

联想记忆
produce [prə'dju:s]

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n. 产品,农作物
vt. 生产,提出,引起,

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contain [kən'tein]

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vt. 包含,容纳,克制,抑制
vi. 自制

联想记忆
luxurious [lʌg'ʒu:riəs]

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adj. 奢侈的,豪华的

 
matrix ['meitriks]

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n. 母体,子宫,细胞,脉石,矩阵

联想记忆
restore [ri'stɔ:]

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vt. 恢复,修复,使复原

 

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