1.pose to 造成 (问题或危险)
This could pose a threat to jobs in the coal industry.
这可能对煤炭行业的就业造成威胁 。
2.by contrast 相比之下
The private sector, by contrast, has plenty of money to spend.
私营部门相比之下有很多钱可花 。
3.take effect 实施; 生效
The ban on new logging permits will take effect in July.
新伐木许可证禁止令将于7月生效 。
4.turn back 往回走
She turned back toward home.
她折了回来往家走去 。