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Five facts you need to know about ADHD.
关于注意力不集中症你需要知道的五点真相。
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD is a mental disorder that affects the individual's ability to focus.
注意力不集中症（ADHD）是一种影响个人注意力的精神障碍。
They may need to move around frequently and might have trouble controlling their impulsive behaviors.
他们可能需要经常性的四处走动，可能还无法控制自己的冲动行为。
According to the American Psychiatric Association, it affects roughly 8% of children and 2% of adults.
美国精神病学会表示，ADHD对约8%的儿童及2%的成人有影响。
Unfortunately many misconceptions are attached to this disorder.
不幸的是，关于该疾病有着很多误解。
For instance, many people believe with medication, ADHD can be immediately cured or grown out of.
例如，很多人认为药物可以立即治愈ADHD或是抑制它的发展。
Some also commonly believed that it only affects boys, because they're perceived as rowdy and rambunctious.
一些人还普遍认为这种疾病只对男孩有影响，因为大家都认为男孩们很调皮。
We want to educate the public with only the truth and we'd like to offer support to those of you who've been diagnosed with it.
我们只想告诉大家真相，我们想为那些被确诊ADHD的人提供支持。
Here are five facts you need to know about ADHD.
以下是关于ADHD你需要知道的五点事实。
1. The symptoms and the signs of ADHD.
1.ADHD的症状和迹象。
First and foremost, we want you to know that it's never a good idea to self-diagnose.
首先，我们想让大家知道自我诊断不是个好主意。
Please visit a health professional in order to receive reliable insight. Signs that doctors often look out for include:
请去看健康专家获取可靠诊断。医生确诊该疾病时观察的迹象包括：
disorganization, trouble planning ahead, impatience, difficulty with following directions
混乱、不能提前做计划、没有耐心、难以遵守指令
and an inability to sit still in one place for an extended period of time.
以及缺乏在很长一段时间内定坐在一个地方的能力。
This is more than just a matter of not being disciplined enough or being messy.
这不仅仅是不够自律或杂乱无章的问题。
An unmade bed or zoning out during a conversation are not enough to diagnose someone with ADHD.
一张凌乱的床或是在对话过程中开小差都不足以诊断某人患有ADHD。
People with ADHD have trouble learning and often repeat their mistakes.
ADHD患者有学习方面的问题，并且经常重复他们的错误。
Instead of losing our patience with them, it's best to approach them in ways that we can help them grow and feel understood.
不要对他们失去信心，最好的方法是让我们帮助他们成长，然他们感到被理解。
2. Causes of ADHD.
2. ADHD的成因。
To this day, researchers still do not know the direct cause of ADHD,
研究人员至今仍不知道ADHD的直接成因，
but there has been evidence that shows a link between the disorder and genetics.
但有证据表明该疾病和遗传有关。
Researchers also point out other factors,
研究人员还指出其他因素，
such as premature birth or the diagnosed patient's mother facing severe stress or using drugs and alcohol during pregnancy.
比如早产、患者母亲面临过大压力或在孕期服用毒品或酒精。
3. Treatment options.
3. 治疗方案。
Treatment options available for ADHD include medication, counseling, support groups and behavioral therapy.
ADHD的治疗方案包括药物、咨询、支持小组或行为疗法。
Before deciding which treatment to use, please talk to a health professional.
在决定使用哪种治疗方法前，请和健康专家进行交流。
Dr. Rachel Klein, a professor of psychiatry, notes that the long-term effects of medication for ADHD are still unknown.
精神病学专家瑞秋·克莱因医生指出药物治疗对ADHD的长期影响仍然未知。
There is also evidence that shows it can suppress the child's appetite which, can affect their physical development.
还有证据表示药物会抑制儿童的食欲，影响他们的生理发育。
While medication has been shown to be most effective by research, children who take it are still at risk to its side-effects.
虽然研究表明药物是最有效的，但服药的孩子仍面临副作用的风险。
It's good to be aware of them and know that there isn't just one right treatment option.
要意识到这些副作用并了解正确的治疗方案不止一种。
We recommend that you explore all before making a commitment. Remember, you can stop anytime you don't feel comfortable.
我们建议大家在做决定前研究一下所有的方案。记住，如果感到不适，你可以随时停止治疗。
4. What teachers can do.
4. 老师可以做什么。
Teachers often complain about troublesome students who may have ADHD.
老师们经常抱怨那些患有ADHD的学生很麻烦。
Instead of punishing them for being disruptive, there are healthier alternative ways to help them learn.
不要因为他们的捣乱惩罚他们，有很多更加健康的方法可以帮助到他们。
Allowing frequent breaks and promoting playtime is one way to help students with ADHD get up and move as they wish.
经常性的小休息和提倡娱乐时间是帮助患有ADHD学生遵守规矩的好方法。
Other helpful tips include encouraging more class participation and providing hands-on learning opportunities.
其他有用的建议包括鼓励更多的课堂参与和提供实践学习机会。
This can influence students with ADHD to get excited about being involved in the lesson,
这样可以影响那些患有ADHD的学生，让他们积极参与课堂，
whether it means being able to write their answers on the board or conducting a science experiment.
不论这样意味着能够在黑板上写下他们的答案还是进行一次科学实验。
5. What parents can do.
5. 父母可以做什么。
Parents can find it challenging to discipline and teach children with ADHD.
父母会发现管教患有ADHD的孩子非常具有挑战性。
But know that you're not alone and there are support groups you can join. One strategy to use is providing a structured routine.
但是要知道你们并不是孤身一人，你们可以加入支持小组。策略之一是制定结构化的日常安排。
Children with ADHD have a hard time organizing and completing tasks on time.
患有ADHD的孩子很难进行规划并按时完成任务。
Set a time every day for them to do homework and a time they can play.
每天给他们制定做作业的时间和娱乐时间。
Balance is key, but make sure the routine isn't rigid. Promote productivity instead of adding pressure on them.
平衡是关键，但是要确保这个日程安排的灵活性。提倡成效而非对他们施压。
Expect your child to be headstrong and break rules, but avoid using helicopter parenting.
除非你的孩子很任性，破坏了规则，否则要避免使用直升机父母式的教育。
Instead of making decisions for them, give them the freedom to learn from their choices.
不要替你的孩子做决定，给他们从自己的选择中学习的自由。
Do you struggle with ADHD or know someone who does?
你是ADHD患者么或者你有认识的人是么？
What strategies have you found to be helpful? Please share your thoughts with us below.
你发现什么策略很有用？请在下方分享你的想法。
We also provided some helpful sources you can check out in our description box.
我们还提供了一些有用的资源，你可以在下方点击链接。
Please be sure to subscribe to our channel as well for more helpful tips and share this video with others.
请一定要订阅我们的频道，获取更多有用的妙招并分享本期视频。
With your help, we can reach more people to spread awareness on mental health issues. Thanks for watching.
有了大家的帮助，我们可以让更多人意识到心理健康问题。感谢收看。
