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Teens are often characterized as angsty, impulsive, socially inept citizens without fully formed brains, straddling the worlds of being a child and an adult,
青少年通常被描述为“愤怒，冲动，不善社交，大脑尚未发育成形，一只脚在儿童世界，另一只脚则在成人世界这么一群人。”
but how much of that is true?
但这里面又有几分是真呢？
More after this break.
休息片刻，稍后继续。
You got a theme song?
有主题曲吗？
Roll it!
有就放起来！
That was the theme song? Someone's getting fired.
这就完了？有人怕是不想在这儿干了。
Adolescence, the end of the beginning of our lives, or the beginning of the beginning of the end of our lives.
青春期，既是我们生命开始的结束，也是我们生命结束的开始。
Sorry, I was raised on My Chemical Romance.
抱歉，我是听“我的化学浪漫”的歌长大的。
I've got a lot of, like, dark thoughts in my head.
所以我脑子里有很多黑暗的想法。
Back in 3, 2.
收，3,2。
Adolescent development is categorized by the onset of puberty and ends when we choose our adult identity and behavior.
青春期发育阶段是指从进入青春期开始到我们选择成人身份和成人行为结束这一段时间。
The ages that this occurs has changed over time; people used to think it was 10-19 years old,
青春期的起点和终点都在随时间发生变化；过去人们认为青春期是10-19岁这段时间，
but new research suggests that the upper limit is actually 24.
但新的研究表明，如今，青春期的上限时间实际上是24岁。
Why the change?
那为什么会发生这种变化呢？
Well, our bodies are still changing into our 20s and our brains don’t fully develop also into our mid 20s.
原来啊，我们的身体一直到20多岁都在发生变化，我们的大脑也要到25岁左右才会完成发育。
But what does it even mean to be an adult?
但成年究竟意味着什么呢？
Being emotionally sound? Making good decisions? A 9:30 bedtime?
有健康的情绪？ 能做出正确的决定？还是意味着早起早睡？
Well, here are the Teens Are Dummies greatest hits:
下面是一些精选的“青春期的人都是傻蛋”型言论：
“Teens Can’t Make Decisions,” “Teens Are Impulsive,” and “They Don’t Know Real Hip-Hop.”
“青春期的孩子做不了主”，“青春期的孩子都很冲动”，“他们根本就不懂嘻哈”。
None of those songs slap, but let’s break them down.
尽管那些歌本来就没什么了不起，不过我们还是一条一条地来说。
“They Can’t Make Decisions” is the one we all hear.
“他们做不了主”这句话大家都听过吧。
Got a lot of radio play earlier this year.
年初的时候还有很多电台在讨论这个。
After the rise in student activism after school shootings,
校园枪击案后很多学生都积极投身反枪支暴力运动，
people derided the kids saying that they couldn’t make decisions that young.
人们却嘲笑孩子们，说他们还小，还做不了主。
But while the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for abstract thoughts, decision-making, and social behaviors,
然而，尽管前额皮层，即大脑中负责抽象思想，决策以及社会行为的部分，
isn’t fully developed by high school age,
要到高中阶段才能发育成熟，
it doesn’t mean that kids aren’t ready to make decisions about whether they want to live or not.
但这并不意味着孩子们连决定自己是否想要活命的准备都没有做好。
That’s survival instinct, we all have that.
因为这是生存本能，是谁都有的玩意儿啊。
And in this case it's tied directly to traumatic emotions and memories,
在这种情况下，这种生存本能与创伤的情感和记忆是有直接联系的，
which encompasses the limbic system, the hippocampus, and, ding-dong, the prefrontal cortex.
其中又包括大脑的边缘系统，海马体和……对了……前额皮层。
Yeah, there are some decisions that kids can’t make,
没错，有些决定孩子的确是不能自己做的，
like whether or not to buy a certified pre-owned hatchback,
比如，买一台二手掀背车这种事情一个孩子就没办法自己做主，
I mean, you can't do it by yourself. You got to get a guarantor on that.
因为你不能自己买啊，你得有保证人啊。
But survival is something that people of all ages can make decisions on.
但生存是所有年龄段的人都可以做决定的事情。
Especially if it’s to stop future trauma based on past ones.
尤其是过去有创伤经历的人想要避免再受伤害的情况。
16 year olds can see school shooters in their school and be like, “yeah, I don’t want that to happen again.”
16岁的孩子是可以在亲眼目睹了学校发生枪击案后做出“是的，我不希望再发生那种事情了。” 的决定的。
Their brains are formed enough to make choices about wanting doctors, or breathable air, or polar bears.
他们的大脑也已经成熟到能够做出想不想看医生，呼吸空气，要北极星这类决定了。
Man, I miss polar bears.
我去，我也想北极熊了。
Older people’s main reservations about 16 year olds voting surround their decision making,
成年人对青春期的孩子投票的主要顾虑，无论是觉得他们情绪冲动，
whether they’re emotionally impulsive, and that they don’t know how this country really works.
还是觉得他们根本就不懂这个国家是如何运作的，都跟他们的决策能力有关，
but, as we see, research suggests otherwise.
然鹅，就我们看到的情况而言，研究的结果与此恰好相反。
At age 16, adolescent brains are still developing, whereas older brains are begin cognitive decline as early as age 45.
16岁的青少年大脑仍在发育，没错，但成年人的大脑45岁就可能开始衰退了呀。
soooo should there be an age cap on voting?
所以，我们是不是还应该设置一个投票的年龄上限呢？
Older people vote on issues that affect youth currently who have much less power over the future that they will have to live in.
成年人投票决定的事情是会影响到当前没有多少权利来决定他们未来要生活的那个时代的青少年的。
just a thought.
这只是我的一个想法哈。
And I get it, The sentence “47th President of the United States Danielle Bregoli” terrifies me,
我明白了，“美国第47任总统丹妮尔·布雷戈利”（著名问题少女）这句话很惊悚，
but evidence shows that teens are getting smarter, more active, and are energized.
但有证据表明，现在的青少年越来越聪明，越来越活跃并且经历也越来越旺盛了。
And the science says that not only are we ready to make those decisions,
而且，科学表明，我们不仅做好了做这些决定的充分准备，
16 could be a better age to start forming civic engagement and socially responsible habits as well.
就开始养成参与公民事务，履行社会责任的习惯而言，16岁也可能是一个更好的起点。
“Teens Are Impulsive” is kinda reductive.
“青少年性格冲动”这话有点儿过于简化了。
Yes, research suggests that younger people take higher risks,
是，研究的确表明年轻人更冒险，
are more impulsive, and their limbic systems aren’t fully developed.
更冲动，边缘系统也没有发育成熟。
But this is because their social learning is still being calibrated.
但这是因为他们的社交学习还处于校准中啊。
Adolescents tend to be bad at reading the emotions of others,
青少年往往不擅长识别别人的情绪，
but it takes time to learn how to read all the complex social cues.
但学习如何识别所有那些复杂的社交暗语本来就需要时间嘛。
And given the news these days, it sounds like a lot of adults run into those issues as well.
从这些天的新闻来看，这些问题似乎很多成年人也有。
Studies show that by age 15, cold cognition, or decision making based on facts rather than emotions, is almost fully developed.
研究表明，到15岁时，基于事实而非情绪的冷静认知或决策能力几乎就已经发育结束了。
So, it’s possible that adolescents voting at 18 is a-ok, possibly younger.
所以，18岁投票也是可以的，更小也不是不可能啊。
Millenials are eclipsing Baby Boomers as a significant bloc in America’s electorate,
千禧一代让婴儿潮一代成为了美国选民的重要阵营，
Generation Z is beginning to get the right to vote,
Z世代已经开始获得投票权了，
and if current social movements are any indication, change is on the way.
如果当前的社会运动作数，那么变革即将到来。
With access to information, research suggesting that
有了获取信息的渠道，研究表明，
they can be sound decision makers, and the drive to make significant, impactful change,
青少年是可以充当合格的决策者的，他们是可以推动重大的、影响深远的变革的，
I, for one, the first person in history to ever have said this. No one else has said this.
我，我将是历史上第一位说出下面这句话的人。目前这句话还没有人说过哦。
Say that “the kids are alright.” Trademark.
那就是“孩子们没问题的。”商标也加上去。
Here at Seeker, we share stories about science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
《科学探索之旅》，一个分享有关科学，技术，工程和数学故事的栏目。
So make sure you come back and watch more videos, see.
大家记得回来观看更多视频噢。
Thanks for watching.
感谢大家观看。
