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Autism is a development disorder that affects an individual's ability to socialize and communicate.
孤独症是一种发育障碍，会影响患者社交和沟通的能力。
Asperger's syndrome is part of the autism spectrum
亚斯伯格症候群属于孤独症范畴
but it differs because usually individuals diagnosed with Asperger's have normal to higher IQs.
但是它又有所不同，因为亚斯伯格症候群患者的智商在正常范围或高智商范围之间。
Overall though both have many overlapping similarities and it is still being debated today
总之，虽然两者有很多重合相似性，但至今仍有争论
as to whether or not the two terms need to exist as separate diagnoses.
两者是否需要分别诊断。
Our mission is to break down stigmas, myths and misconceptions associated with autism.
我们的任务是打破对孤独症的羞耻感、谬见和误解。
Many of our viewers have expressed concerns about the misunderstandings that surround this disorder
我们的很多观众都对围绕该疾病的误解表示担心
so we want to provide support to them and raise awareness.
因此我们希望能为他们提供支持并提高大家的意识。
Here are five facts you need to know about autism.
以下是关于孤独症大家需要知道的5点事实。
1. Symptoms and signs of autism.
1. 孤独症的症状和迹象。
Before we begin with this point we want you to know that it's never a good idea to self-diagnose.
在开始之前，我们希望大家明白进行自我诊断绝不是个好方法。
Please visit a health professional in order to receive reliable insights.
为了接受可信赖的诊察，请去看健康专业人士。
According to Autism Speaks, more than 2 million people have autism spectrum disorder and one in 59 of those people are children.
孤独症之声表示，自闭症谱系障碍患者超过两百万人，其中每59名患者中就有一个是孩子。
Statistics also show that autism affects more boys than girls.
数据也显示男孩比女孩多。
The signs that health professionals look for in patients include social challenges, communication difficulties and repetitive behavior.
进行诊断时，健康专业人士观察的迹象包括社会挑战、交流困难和重复性行为。
Children with autism have trouble responding to social cues such as returning a wave to someone or being responsive when someone calls their name.
患有孤独症的儿童难以对社会暗示做出反应，比如挥手回应他人或是在别人叫他们名字的时候给出反应。
They also have higher disinterest in people starting at a young age,
而且他们从很小的时候起就对人更加不感兴趣，
experienced a delay in learning speech and have trouble reading body language.
在学习说话上有延迟且难以读懂肢体语言。
For instance, if someone is mad and crosses their arms or expresses inpatience by tapping their foot,
比如，如果某人生气且双手交叉或是跺脚表示不耐烦，
people with autism can't pick up on that right away.
孤独症患者无法立刻理解这些动作的含义。
They also tend to follow strict rigid schedules and struggle with change. People with autism have few specific interests that they are intensively devoted to.
他们还会遵照严格的日程表，难以做出改变。孤独症患者集中投入的兴趣很少。
2. Causes of autism.
2. 孤独症成因。
Researchers have discovered that there are many factors that influence the development of autism,
研究人员发现很多因素都会影响孤独症的形成，
one of them involves a specific gene that causes it,
其中之一就是特殊的基因，
other factors that are not genetic related involve environmental risks and events that happened before or during pregnancy.
其他和基因不相关的因素包括在怀孕前或怀孕时发生的环境风险和事件。
For instance, a baby may be susceptible to developing autism if the mother breathed in high levels of air pollution
例如，如果一位母亲在怀孕时吸入了高含量的污染空气
while she was pregnant or when the baby experiences a lack of oxygen in their brain.
或是孩子脑缺氧，那么这个孩子就易患上孤独症。
But none are certain and scientists are still searching for a definitive cause.
但是这些因素都还不确定，科学家们仍在搜寻决定性的起因。
Ultimately, however, most adults with autism are less concerned with finding a cause than they are with being accepted and better understood by society.
但基本上大部分孤独症成人患者没那么关心寻找病因，他们更在乎的是被社会接受和理解。
3. Treatment options.
3. 治疗选择。
Unlike many disorders there is no medication that can specifically treat autism.
和很多疾病不同的是，没有明确治疗孤独症药物。
Many people with autism use cognitive behavioral therapy in order to regulate their emotions and to work on their impulse control.
很多孤独症患者接受认知行为治疗以调节他们的情绪以及克制冲动的能力。
There are also support groups they can join, speech therapists they can work with
还可以加入支持小组、咨询语言治疗师
and training sessions they can attend to build their social and motor skills.
以及参与建立社会和机动技能的培训课程。
Related symptoms people with autism may experience such as anxiety, depression and ADD
有焦虑症、抑郁症和注意力不足过动症等症状的孤独症患者
can also be treated with the proper dosage prescribed by a health professional.
可以接受健康专业人士注射的适当剂量的处方药物。
4. What teachers can do.
4. 老师可以做什么。
Educating children with autism can be highly challenging but here are some helpful tips they can use.
教育患有孤独症的孩子很具挑战，但有些有用的方法可以借鉴。
When creating lesson plans, learn about what your students with autism like.
在制定课堂计划时，了解孤独症学生喜欢什么。
People with autism have very distinct interests so if you can incorporate them to make your lessons interesting
孤独症患者兴趣很不同，因此如果你将他们的兴趣进行融合可以让你的课堂变得有趣
this can help them engage with the material more. Another way is to allow for group discussions.
这样可以帮助他们更多的参与其中。另一种方法是允许小组讨论。
Classroom discussions may be intimidating for students with autism but one-on-one interactions is more approachable for them.
课堂讨论或许对患有孤独症的学生而言很可怕，但是一对一的交互对他们而言更容易接受。
It's also important to provide structure and a schedule for them to follow. Predictability is crucial.
还有一点很重要—为他们提供可以遵循的框架和计划表。可预测性是关键。
5. What parents can do.
5. 父母可以做什么。
It's important for parents to remember that when their child has autism
对父母而言，重要的是要记住当孩子患有孤独症时
they may have a hard time fitting in in school or relating to other children.
他们可能会难以适应学校或是难以和其他孩子相处。
Be mindful of their habits and teach them to love themselves for who they are.
请留意他们的习惯，教他们爱自己的一切。
Provide a safe structure for them to thrive in and attend programs where you can stay educated on autism
为他们提供成长的安全环境，参加关于孤独症的项目
and enroll your child in classes where they can work on their skills.
并将他们送入锻炼他们技能的课堂上。
Recognize that it will be a challenging journey ahead but with your love and support it can go a long way towards the progress they make.
这条路将非常具有挑战性，但有了你们的爱和支持，他们会取得进步。
Do you struggle with autism or know someone who does? Please share your thoughts with us below.
你或者你认识的人在和孤独症斗争么？请在下方分享你们的观点。
We also provided some helpful sources you can check out in our description box.
我们在下方描述栏中提供了一些有用的资源。
Please be sure to subscribe to our channel as well for more helpful tips and share this video with others.
请一定要订阅我们的频道获取更多有用妙招并和他人分享本期视频。
With your help we can reach more people to spread awareness on mental health issues. Thanks for watching!
有了你们的帮助，我们可以向更多人传播心理健康问题意识。感谢收看！
