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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！
Did you know that nearly 7 in 10 Americans take prescription drugs?
你知道吗，在美国，每10个人中就有7个人服用处方药物？
That’s what researchers from Mayo Clinic and the Olmsted Medical Center found after conducting a recent study.
最近，梅奥诊所和奥姆斯特德医学中心的研究人员在进行了一项研究后发现了上述结论。
While prescription medication can certainly help people manage their health,
尽管处方药物确实可以帮助人们做好健康管理，
sometimes people misuse prescription drugs to enhance some part of them, either mentally or physically.
但是有时候人们为了提高某些精神上或身体上的疗效而滥用处方药。
For example, sometimes people take adderall in the hopes that it will boost their mental performance.
比如，有时候人们会服用阿得拉（治疗多动症的药物），他们希望能够提升自己的智力表现。
But just what exactly is adderall? Adderall is a prescription drug that’s primarily a combo of two drugs:
但阿得拉到底是什么呢?阿得拉是一种处方药，主要由两种药物组成：
dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, which belong to a class of drug known as central nervous system stimulants.
右旋安非他命和安非他命，属于一类被称为中枢神经系统兴奋剂的药物。
Adderall can help you out with things like paying attention and staying focused on an activity,
阿得拉可以帮助你集中注意力，专注于一项活动，
and as such, is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD.
还有像这样的类似的功能，它被用来治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍，简称ADHD。
Adderall is also used to help treat narcolepsy — a sleep disorder that can cause you to be super sleepy during the day and have sudden instances of sleep.
阿得拉也被用来帮助治疗嗜睡症——一种睡眠障碍，它会导致你在白天极度困倦，并突然入睡。
But taking Adderall for non-medical purposes can be dangerous.
但是以非医疗目的服用阿得拉是很危险的。
According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, taking prescription stimulants for reasons outside of treating ADHD or narcolepsy could lead to negative effects on your health, like heart problems or psychosis.
据美国国家药物滥用研究所的研究说，出于治疗多动症或嗜睡症以外的原因服用处方兴奋剂，可能会对你的健康产生负面影响，比如引起心脏病或精神病。
It’s also possible to become addicted to Adderall and even overdose on it, so it’s definitely not something to mess around with.
人服用阿得拉后也有可能对它上瘾，甚至过量服用这种药物，所以这种药物可不能乱吃。
Some students may misuse things like Adderall since they think it can help them get better grades, but there’s not really a lot of evidence to back those claims up.
一些学生可能会滥用阿得拉这样的药物，因为他们认为它可以帮助他们取得更好的成绩，但并没有太多的证据来支持这些说法。
In fact, research from recent study found that while non-medical use of Adderall may improve attention ability,
事实上，最近的研究发现，以非医疗目使用阿得拉可以提高注意力，
it had minimal, or even a negative impact on other cognitive processes and did not enhance academic performance.
但是它对其他认知过程的影响很小，甚至是负面的，也不会提高学习成绩。
But still, people are misusing Adderall to try and have a mental edge,
但是，人们仍然在滥用阿得拉来试图获得心理优势，
similarly to athletes misusing certain medications to enhance their athletic performance.
与之类似的是，运动员会滥用某些药物来提升他们的竞技表现。
Like insulin, for example. Insulin is a hormone that your pancreas makes which allow your cells to use the glucose in your blood.
比如胰岛素。胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素，它可以让细胞利用血液中的葡萄糖。
But when your body isn't making enough insulin, or using it effectively, man-made insulin can help control your blood sugar.
但是当你的身体不能产生足够的胰岛素，或者不能有效利用它的话，人工胰岛素就可以用来帮助控制你的血糖。
Taking insulin can help people with Type 2 Diabetes manage their condition and may or may not be needed for different people.
服用胰岛素可以帮助2型糖尿病患者控制病情，有人可能需要它，有人也可能不需要它。
However, it’s an absolutely necessary part of managing Type 1 Diabetes,
但是，胰岛素是治疗1型糖尿病必不可少的一部分，
with people needing to take insulin multiple times a day — sometimes even in the middle of the night!
患者需要一天多次注射胰岛素，有时甚至是在半夜!
While insulin can literally be a lifesaver for these conditions,
对糖尿病患者来说，胰岛素就是他们的救星。
sometimes athletes and bodybuilders misuse it for non-medical purposes to try and increase muscle gains and aid athletic performance, similarly to why people take steroids.
有时运动员和健美运动员会以非医疗目的误用胰岛素，以增加肌肉含量和提高运动成绩，这与人们服用类固醇的原因类似。
Using insulin for these purposes is super dangerous, because getting too much insulin can result in a coma, brain damage, or even death
以这些目的使用胰岛素是极其危险的，因为摄入过多胰岛素会导致昏迷和脑损伤，甚至因此丧命。
— risks that Diabetics face on a daily basis as they try and walk the tightrope between high and low blood sugars.
这些就是糖尿病患者每天都面临的风险，他们需要很小心的控制血糖水平。
At the end of the day, prescription drugs can help people manage their health when they’re prescribed by a doctor and taken under medical supervision,
总的来说，处方药需在医生指导下、在医疗监督下服用，
but you shouldn’t be taking them outside of those guidelines.
不得脱离这些指导原则，这样才能帮助人们管理自己的健康。
It's really not safe! Are there any other specific drugs you'd like us to talk about next?
那样的话是非常不安全的！还有什么特定的药物是你想让我们讨论的吗？
Let me know in the comment section below. We're taking suggestions for future videos.
请在下面的评论区告诉我们，我们会为未来的视频采取一些建议。
Curious to know how dangerous and addictive sugar really is? Check out this video!
想知道糖有多危险和容易使人上瘾吗？来看看这个视频吧！
Drugs can alter your brain, both in how it works, and it's actual structure,
药物会改变你的大脑，改变它工作的方式和它的实际结构。
and those changes be long lasting leading to harmful behaviors, sometimes even self destructive ones.
而且这些改变将是持久的，会导致有害的行为，有时甚至会是自我毁灭性的行为。
As always, my name is Blocko, this has been Life Noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
