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想过没有 献血之后 你的血去了哪里?

来源:可可英语 编辑:hepburn   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

It’s a squeamish subject, but we all need blood and a lot of it.

这是一个敏感的话题,但我们每个人都需要血,而且需要的不是一点点。
In fact, every three seconds, someone in the U.S. needs it.
事实上,每三秒钟,就有一个美国人需要它。
Whether it’s for having a baby, undergoing surgery, treatments for cancer, or chronic medical conditions like anemia,
无论是生孩子、做手术、还是治疗癌症或贫血之类的慢性疾病,
blood saves millions of lives annually.
血液每年都要挽救数百万人的生命。
But the catch is – we can only get it from each other.
但问题是,我们只能从你我身上获取血液。
Which is why very altruistic people in the world donate blood.
这就是这个世界上无私的人会去献血的缘故。
Some 6.8 million people in the U.S. alone donate every year.
仅在美国,每年就有680万人献血。
But where does all this blood go after it leaves your body?
但问题是,这些血液离开你的身体后去了哪里呢?
Does it go to the patient down the street?
是送到了街那头的那个病人那里吗?
How about another city?
还是送去了另一个城市呢?
Let’s start at the post-donation stage.
让我们先从捐赠后的阶段开始说起。
First, test tubes of your blood get sent to a lab to identify any infectious diseases and blood type.
首先,你的血液样本会被送往实验室,判定血型及是否携带任何传染病。
At the same time, your pint of blood, or unit as it’s called, goes in a giant spinning centrifuge
与此同时,你献出来的那一品脱血液,或者说血液单位,会被放入一个巨大的旋转离心机,
where it’s separated into three different components; red blood cells, platelets, plasma.
在那里,血液会被分离成三个不同的成分:红细胞,血小板,血浆。
And each of these have a designated function.
每一种成分都有指定的功能。
Red blood cells are what give your blood its color
红细胞是你血液颜色的来源,
and contain a protein called hemoglobin which help it transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from your lungs.
它还含有一种叫做血红蛋白的蛋白质,帮助血液将氧气和二氧化碳输送进/出你的肺部。
This is what’s given to patients undergoing surgery or those with low blood cell count, like anemia.
给做手术的病人或血细胞水平较低的病人,如贫血患者输的就是它。
Platelets are fragments of other cells and they help your blood coagulate properly.
血小板是其他细胞的细胞碎片,其作用是帮助你的血液正常凝结。
They’re commonly used for cancer patients whose platelets have been affected from chemotherapy.
通常用在血小板水平受到化疗影响的癌症患者身上。
And finally plasma, a yellowish liquid that’s a mixture of water, salt, and enzymes–but also antibodies, clotting factors, and proteins.
最后是血浆,这是一种由水、盐和酶混合而成的淡黄色液体,还含有抗体、凝血因子和蛋白质。
While plasma’s primary function is to be the literal liquid that shuffles cells throughout your body,
虽然血浆主要的功能是将细胞运往身体各处,
it can be broken down one step further.
但它还可以被进一步分解。
The proteins, and antibodies can be extracted and concentrated into therapies for rare chronic conditions.
血浆里的蛋白质和抗体可以提取并浓缩,用于治疗罕见的慢性疾病。
The next step is storing all this collected good stuff.
分离血液后的下一步是储存收集到的所有这些好东西。
Each of these components are actually stored for different amounts of time in varying temperatures.
这些成分要在不同的温度条件下储存不同的时间。
Platelets can last up to 3 days, red blood cells last up to 42 days, and plasma can last up to a full year frozen.
血小板可以保存3天,红细胞可以保存42天,血浆可以保存整整一年。
So platelets and red blood cells are usually used within the country they were collected from –
所以,采到的血小板和红细胞通常在国内使用,
but plasma, since it can be stored for so long and is in such high demand globally, is the one that gets shipped overseas.
血浆,由于可以储存很长时间,而且在世界各地的需求量都很大,则可能被运往海外。
If someone from the U.S. donated today,
如果今天美国有人献了血,
their plasma could be sent to places like Australia, Canada, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
他们的血浆就会被送往澳大利亚、加拿大、比利时和荷兰等地。
It’s something we don’t think about, but plasma is a huge global market and the U.S. is one of the major exporters.
虽然我们不会去想这个问题,但血浆有着巨大的全球市场,而美国是主要的血浆出口国之一。
And that’s because they’re one of the only countries to pay donors specifically for their plasma.
这是因为这些国家是仅有的几个会向捐赠者支付血浆费用的国家。
According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
美国人口普查局的数据显示,
plasma, vaccines, and blood exports in 2017 were valued at about 20 billion dollars.
2017年,我国的血浆、疫苗和血液出口价值在200亿美元左右。
Dr. Robert Slomin, a global economist at University of Sydney,
悉尼大学全球经济学家罗伯特·斯洛明博士估计,
estimates that 80% of the world market is receiving plasma from someplace outside its country of origin.
全球80%的市场都有接受来自本国以外地区的血浆。
For many countries for a very long time have not been able to collect enough plasma for its needs,
针对很多一直无法收集到足够的血浆满足需求的国家,
the US has a paid system and it's through private blood banks.
美国在私人血库的基础上设置了一个付费的供血系统。
It's basically the world's supplier of plasma.
美国的这个系统基本上也是整个世界的一个血浆供应来源。
For example in Australia about 50% of all plasma products that are provided by the hospitals, that enter the market here,
例如,进入澳大利亚市场的,之后由澳大利亚医院提供的所有血浆产品中,
are coming from paid donors from the US.
约有50%的血浆都是来自美国的有偿献血者。

1

There’s a monetary incentive for plasma donations because it’s a lengthy process and can be uncomfortable.

对血浆捐赠实行金钱上的诱导是因为献血浆是一个很漫长的过程,还可能会让人不舒服。
So you can donate plasma much more regularly but it's a much more involved process.
所以,大家献血的频率可以高一点,但这是一个更复杂的过程。
The needle in typically is in the 40 to 45 minutes.
抽血的过程通常会持续40到45分钟。
What they'll do as the needle goes in, they'll extract your whole blood.
针头插进去以后,他们会抽出你所有的血液。
They then put it through a centrifuge process and they are separating out your red cells and the platelets from the plasma.
之后,他们会对抽到的血进行离心处理,从血浆中分离出红细胞和血小板。
They keep the plasma they put everything back in to you.
把血浆留下,在把其他部分都给你注射回去。
Very few countries seem to be self-sufficient in plasma.
似乎很少有国家的血浆供应能实现自给自足。
The only way they've done it is by having these private blood banks that collect plasma.
即便是能自给自足,也都是通过让这些私人血库收集血浆收集到的。
But this is where things get, sticky.
但这也是问题变得棘手的地方。
Giving a paid incentive like that is controversial.
给予这样的报酬激励是有争议的。
The demand for blood and plasma is so high that economists some people argue it can’t be sustained with just selfless virtue.
对血液和血浆的需求如此之高,以至于一些经济学家认为,单凭无私的美德是无法维持这种需求的。
But the World Health Organization finds the ethics of paid donations complicated
但世界卫生组织发现,有偿捐赠的道德规范很复杂,
and there have been concerns with people lying about their health in order to get paid.
人们担心有人为了得到报酬谎报自己的健康状况。
Based on his research in the field though,
不过,斯洛明博士从他在该领域的研究来看,
Dr. Slomin believes in giving a payment that’s not directly cash, like a T-shirt or a gift card.
认为这种报酬可以不直接用现金支付,比如换成t恤或礼品卡。
And they’ve seen positive increases.
他们看到这种措施已经带来了献血人数的增长。
If you offer some form of compensation, what happens?”
如果你提供某种形式的补偿,会发生什么呢?”
In Italy they offered you a paid days leave if you were a blood donor.
在意大利,如果你献过血,他们会奖励你带薪假。
This program ran for two years and they found a 40% increase in the blood supply in the communities that were offering this paid days leave.
这个项目持续了两年,他们发现提供带薪假期的社区血液供应增加了40%。
which was really pretty powerful.
这是非常了不起的增长。
Right now, with the need for blood so high, the best method might be to tap into our natural altruism.
如今,面对着这么高的对血液的需求,最好的方法或许还是发挥我们天生的利他主义精神。
So now that you know what happens to your blood after donating, are you more inclined to do so?
现在,知道了你献的血在离开你的身体以后都去了那里,你献血的愿望是更强烈了呢?
Freaked out?
还是打退堂鼓了呢?
Tell us in the comment blow, and don't forget to subscribe.
赶紧在评论里告诉我们吧。还有,不要忘了订阅。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
rare [rɛə]

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adj. 稀罕的,稀薄的,罕见的,珍贵的
ad

 
sustained [səs'teind]

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adj. 持久的,经久不衰的

 
extract ['ekstrækt,iks'trækt]

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n. 榨出物,精华,摘录
vt. 拔出,榨出,

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compensation [.kɔmpen'seiʃən]

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n. 补偿,赔偿; 赔偿金,物

 
donate ['dəuneit]

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vt. 捐赠,转移(电子)
vi. 捐款

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identify [ai'dentifai]

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vt. 识别,认明,鉴定
vi. 认同,感同身

 
global ['gləubəl]

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adj. 全球性的,全世界的,球状的,全局的

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cell [sel]

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n. 细胞,电池,小组,小房间,单人牢房,(蜂房的)巢室

 
needle ['ni:dl]

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n. 针
vt. 用针缝,激怒,嘲弄

 
transport [træns'pɔ:t]

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n. 运输、运输工具;(常用复数)强烈的情绪(狂喜或狂怒

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