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Unless behavior is gonna follow,
除非之后有相应的行为
the attitude will go back and reflect your attitude and your behavior from before the class or before the intervention.
否则你的态度会回复原状，你的态度和行为都和上课或是接受疗法之前没有两样
There has to be behavioral change.
必须要有行为上的改变
Let me show you some studies showing the impact of the behavioral change.
现在我要给你们看一些研究这些研究的结果显示了行为改变的影响力
This was done prisoners of war in American prisoners of war during the Korean War.
这个研究实验的对象是朝鲜战争期间的美国战俘
And what Edgar Schein who's just across street here at MIT showed
当时就在街对面的MIT科学家埃德加·沙因发现
was that the captors of the Americans got them to change their minds about Communism, about the Chinese. Captors.
关押战俘的人最终改变了美国战俘对于共产主义，对于中国人的态度，这些关押他们的人
How gradually by simply asking them write about the good things within Communism. We know we don't like Communism. We wouldn't be fighting if we did.
只是很简单的要求他们把共产主义的优越性写下来。我们知道，我们不喜欢共产主义。如果喜欢的话，我们也不会打仗了
But write about the positives of it.
但是要求他们只写优越性
Write it to your prison-mates. Write letters home, telling them how you being treated
写给你的狱友看。写信回家告诉家人你被如何对待
and making sure of course they only focus on the good. So they didn't ask them to lie necessarily though often they did.
当然确保他们只能写好话，所以他们并没有要求战俘们撒谎，虽然战俘确实时常写些谎话
But they asked them to focus on the positive. Over time, the attitude actually changed.
他们要求战俘只写优越性。长此以往，态度发生了转变
And they became actually more open and more positive toward their captors.
他们对关押者的戒备少了好感多了
Because their behavior, writing letters, talking to their friends about it, they have to give lectures on it,
因为他们的态度变了，通过写信和朋友聊天还要做报告
was one of "I feel positive about this".
每一次都在说"我觉得这样很好"
And their attitude over time actually changed. And they became more positive.
长此以往，他们的态度发生了转变。变得更积极正面了
Cognitive distance, those of you who have taken Psych 1 or others heard about it.
认知距离——这个词你们中间上过心理学1的人可能听说过
