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Michael Roizen, M.D., is chief wellness officer at the Cleveland Clinic and a New York Times best-selling author. Michael Crupain, M.D., is chief medical officer for television's The Dr. Oz Show. Both have long linked a better diet with better health. But their new book, What to Eat When, says emerging science confirms that "when you eat is as essential as what you eat for maintaining a good weight, preventing and curing some diseases, and living a long, energetic, and happy life."
医学博士迈克尔·罗伊森是克利夫兰医学中心的健康总监及《纽约时报》的畅销书作者，医学博士迈克尔·克鲁佩因是电视节目《奥兹医生秀》的首席医疗官。长期以来，他俩一直认为良好的健康状况与良好的饮食相关。但他俩在合著的新书《什么时候吃什么》中却说，最新的科学证实，“要保持适当的体重、预防和治疗某些疾病以及长寿、精力充沛和生活幸福，什么时候吃与吃什么同等重要”。
Ahead of the book's December release, the doctor-authors answered questions for National Geographic.
日前，这两位医生作家回答了《国家地理》杂志的提问。
Tell us about the science behind your approach to eating.
请给我们讲讲你们倡导的饮食方法背后的科学原理。
We're all familiar with our biological clocks -- the circadian rhythm that sends out chemical signals at certain times to help us wake, sleep, and do other activities. Well, we also have a food clock with a similar purpose: to sync our consumption of food with chemical reactions in the body.
我们都很熟悉我们自己的生物钟--生物节律在特定的时间发出化学信号，帮助我们醒来、睡去以及从事其他活动。那么，我们体内还有一个作用与之类似的食物钟：能使我们对食物的消耗与体内发生的化学反应同步。
According to these clocks, the optimal way to eat is to consume more energy earlier in the day and less energy later in the day. But our bodies crave the opposite -- more calories at the end of the day and fewer in the morning. This is a holdover from a time when humans' food supply was unreliable and storing energy was an advantage. Today this schedule of eating has negative effects on our health: Studies in animals and humans have associated it with weight gain, chronic disease, and premature aging.
根据这些生物钟的要求，最佳的饮食方式是，在一天中的早些时候多消耗些能量，而在晚些时候少消耗能量。但我们的身体对能量的渴求却正好相反--在晚上摄入更多的热量，而早上摄入的热量较少。在人类食物供应不足的时代，储存能量是一种生存优势，这便是那时遗留下来的问题。如今，这种饮食习惯对我们的健康产生了负面影响：对动物和人的研究表明，它会造成体重增加、慢性疾病和早衰。
So we need to override that craving-driven schedule and eat in a way -- more early, less later -- that aligns food patterns with our internal clocks. We call this chrononutrition.
因此，我们需要摒弃这种由身体的渴望驱动的饮食习惯，而转变成早上多吃、晚上少吃的饮食方式，使食物的模式与我们的生物钟保持一致，我们称之为“寿命营养学”。
