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Denis Diderot left a dungeon outside Paris on November 3, 1749.
1749年11月3日，Denis Diderot从巴黎郊外的监狱出狱。
He'd had his writing burned in public before,
过去他的文学作品曾当着公众的面被焚烧，
but this time, he'd gotten locked up under royal order for an essay about a philosopher's death bed rejection of God.
但是这一次，因为一篇关于哲学家临终时对神的反抗的文章，皇家下令把他锁起来。
To free himself, Denis promised never to write things like that again.
为使自己自由，Denis保证再也不写这样的文章。
So he got back to work on something a little like that, only way worse, and much bigger.
因此他得以继续工作，完成比之前更加艰巨的工作。
In 1745, publisher André le Breton had hired Diderot to adapt the English cyclopedia,
在1745年，出版商André le Breton，雇佣Diderot按照英国百科全书改写，
or a universal dictionary of arts and sciences for French subscribers.
也就是一个艺术与科学综合大辞典，供法国读者使用。
A broke writer, Diderot survived by translating, tutoring, and authoring sermons for priests, and a pornographic novel once.
穷困潦倒的Diderot靠翻译，家教，为牧师创作布道维生，甚至一度创作色情小说。
Le Breton paired him with co-editor Jean le Rond d'Alembert, a math genius found on a church doorstep as a baby.
Le Breton找来一个小时候在教堂门阶被发现的数学天才，Jean le Rond d'Alembert，和Diderot一起工作。
Technical dictionaries, like the cyclopedia, weren't new,
像百科全书这样的技术辞典并不是史无前例的，
but no one had attempted one publication covering all knowledge, so they did.
但是从来没有人尝试完成一个包含所有知识的出版物，所以他们完成了。
The two men organized the French Enlightenment's brightest stars to produce the first encyclopedia,
这两个人组织起了法国启蒙运动最闪亮的新星人物，共同编辑第一本百科全书，
or rational dictionary of the arts, sciences, and crafts.
也就是对艺术科学和手工艺专业知识的合理解释。
Assembling every essential fact and principle in, as it turned out,
书中收集了所有的重要事实和原理，最终，
over 70,000 entries, 20,000,000 words in 35 volumes of text and illustrations
在35卷书的文字和插图中创造了超过70000个条目，20000000个单词，
created over three decades of researching, writing, arguging, smuggling, backstabbing, law-breaking, and alphabetizing.
花费了超过三十年的时间去查阅资料，写作，探讨，走私偷运，暗算与背叛，违反法律和最终排序完成。
To organize the work, Diderot adapted Francis Bacon's 'Classification of Knowledge'
为了组织这次工作，Diderot借鉴了培根的知识分类的思想，
into a three-part system based on the mind's approaches to reality: memory, reason, and imagination.
并将其应用于从思维方法到实现的三大系统：记忆、推理和想象。
He also emphasized the importance of commerce, technology, and crafts, poking around shops to study the tools and techniques of Parisian laborers.
同时，通过走访商店学习巴黎劳动者的工具和技术，他也强调了商业、技术和手工艺的发展。
To spotlight a few of the nearly 150 philosoph contributers, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Diderot's close friend,
为了强调将近150位哲学家的贡献，Diderot的好友卢梭
wrote much of the music section in three months, and was never reimbursed for copy fees.
在三个月的时间里创作了许多音乐片段，并且从未要求报酬。
His entry on political economy holds ideas he'd later develop further in 'The Social Contract.'
卢梭在政治经济领域的涉足，最后发展为社会契约论。
D'Alembert wrote the famous preliminary discourse, a key statement of the French Enlightenment,
D'Alembert创作了著名的初步论，成为法国启蒙的关键指导，
championing independent investigative reasoning as the path to progress.
支持将独立的调查推理作为取得进步的方法。
Louis de Jaucourt wrote a quarter of the encyclopedia, 18,000 articles, 5,000,000 words, unpaid.
Louis de Jaucourt完成了百科全书的四分之一，共计18000篇文章，5000000个单词，没有收取报酬。
Louis once spent 20 years writing a book on anatomy,
Louis曾花费20年写一本关于解剖学的书，
shipped it to Amsterdam to be published uncensored, and the ship sank.
为了这本书完整地出版，Louis将其海运到阿姆斯特丹，然后船沉了。
Voltaire contributed entries, among them history, elegance, and fire.
Voltaire贡献了许多条目，包括历史，高雅，还有火。
Diderot's entries sometimes exhibit slight bias.
Diderot的条目有时候带有轻微的偏见。
In 'political authority,' he dismantled the divine right of kings.
在政治的权力中，他分散了国王神圣的权利。
Under 'citizen,' he argued a state was strongest without great disparity in wealth.
在公民中，他认为最强大的州应该没有贫富差距。
Not surprising from the guy who wrote poetry about mankind strangling its kings with the entrails of a priest.
从一个能够写诗讲述人类用牧师的大肠扼杀国王的家伙得到这种言论并没有什么惊讶的。
So Diderot's masterpiece wasn't a hit with the king or highest priest.
所以Diderot的作品对国王或最高祭祀并不是一个打击。
Upon release of the first two volumes, Louie XV banned the whole thing but enjoyed his own copy.
在最早的两卷书发表的时候，路易十五禁止发行全书但是很喜欢关于自己的那一册。
Pope Clement XIII ordered it burned.
教宗克莱门特十三下令将其焚烧。
It was 'dangerous,' 'reprehensible,' as well as 'written in French,' and in 'the most seductive style.'
此书是危险的，该被谴责的，也是用法语写成，并且具有最有诱导力的风格。
He declared readers excommunicated and wanted Diderot arrested on sight.
他发表声明要将读者们逐出教会，并且将Diderot立即逮捕。
But Diderot kept a step ahead of being shut down, smuggling proofs outside France for publication,
但是Diderot在被停止之前继续前进，将样张走私出法国出版，
and getting help from allies in the French Regime,
还在法国政体中得到了支持者的帮助，
including the King's mistress, Madame de Pompadour, and the royal librarian and censor, Malesherbes,
包括国王路易十五的情妇庞巴度夫人和王室的图书管理员Malesherbes，
who tipped Diderot off to impending raids, and even hid Diderot's papers at his dad's house.
他疏通关系让Diderot躲过了即将到来的袭击，甚至把Diderot的材料藏在自己父亲的家中。
Still, he faced years of difficulty. D'Alembert dropped out.
然而，Diderot还是度过了许多年的艰难生活。D'Alembert退出了。
Rousseau broke off his friendship over a line in a play.
Rousseau在关于戏剧中某行话的争吵中与Diderot闹翻。
Worse yet, his publisher secretly edited some proofs to read less radically.
最糟的是，他的出版商偷偷地编辑了一些样张，使它们读起来不那么激进。
The uncensored pages reappeared in Russia in 1933, long after Diderot had considered the work finished and died at lunch.
Diderot认为竣工后，在饭桌上辞世了，很久之后，未经审查的部分于1933年在俄罗斯再次出现。
The encyclopedia he left behind is many things:
他留下的百科全书意味着很多：
a cornerstone of the Enlightenment, a testament to France's crisis of authority,
是启蒙的基石，是法国权威遭到危机的证明，
evidence of popular opinions migration from pulpit and pew to cafe, salon, and press.
是民众的意见从讲坛和皮尤研究中心迁移到咖啡馆，沙龙和媒体的证据。
It even has recipes. It's also irrepressibly human, as you can tell from Diderot's entry about a plant named aguaxima.
它甚至包括食谱。它同时也是一个精力充沛的人类，从Diderot的一条关于名为aguaxima的植物的条目就可以看出这一点。
Read it yourself, preferably out loud in a French accent.
自己去阅读它吧，最好用法国口音大声朗读。
