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Designers get inspiration from a lot of different places,
设计师能够从很多地方找到灵感，
but Benyus thinks many of them could benefit from looking more at the natural world.
但是班娜斯认为，多观察观察自然对很多设计师都会有好处。
So there's a lot of looking at what other people have done.
所以，在那本书里我花了很多笔墨总结前人在这方面的经验，
And what they do is, they look at all the others, and they get ideas.
而他们所做的也是去看前人是怎么做的，从前人的经验里找灵感。
They literally do, I mean, a lot of designers have lots of magazines that they look through,
他们真的是这么做的，不夸张地说，很多设计师都会看很多很多杂志，
they tear those out and they put them up on inspiration boards.
把他们喜欢的设计撕下来贴到灵感板上。
But they're looking at other human technologies.
但他们研究的都是前人已经做出来的技术。
Her idea was simple: designers should get in the habit of bringing a biologist to the table,
她的理念很简单：设计师应该养成把生物学家请到餐桌上，
and let them help solve problems by mimicking nature.
让他们帮忙用模拟自然的方法解决问题的习惯。
And there are three main ways they can do that.
模拟自然的方法主要有三种。
You know, you can mimic its form, or its shape.
你可以模仿大自然中的事物的形状、它的外形。
You might create a paint for a building that, when it dries, it's got the same structure as self-cleaning leaves,
用这种办法，我们可以制出干燥后拥有会自我清洁的树叶那样的肌理的建筑涂料，
lotus leaves are notoriously great, they let rainwater clean the leaf
而荷叶的自我清洁功能是出了名的好，它们能够让雨水帮助他们自我清洁，
because because they have these bumps and the rain water balls up on the bumps, and then it pearls away the dirt.
因为荷叶上有这种凸起，雨滴在这些凸起上跳着往前滚，顺带着就把灰尘也带走了。
So that lotus effect is physical, and you can create a physical structure on the outside of any product.
这种荷叶效应就是一种自然规律，效仿起来，我们就能给任何产品外部设计出这样的物理结构。
Imagine that on the outside your car, rainwater would clean your car.
试想这个产品是你的车子，那有了这样的设计，雨水就能帮你洗车了。
So that's mimicking form.
这是模拟外形。
But there's also mimicking process, the processes of the natural world.
除此之外还有模拟过程，自然界的各种过程。
It might even be, you know, how you mimic how ants communicate in order to efficiently find sources of food or new places to live.
甚至是模拟蚂蚁为有效地找到食物来源或新的居住地所采用的沟通方式。
And those processes, that self-organization, has been mimicked in software,
而那些过程，那些自组织过程已经被用到软件设计里了，
in things like autonomous cars and how they're gonna move in flocks through the city by talking to one another.
比如自动驾驶汽车的设计，它们如何互相交流，完成在城市里穿梭的任务。
That's mimicking nature's process.
这是模仿自然界的过程。
And then you jump up to the level of mimicking whole ecosystems, right?
接下来，我们要到一个新的高度，模拟整个生态系统，是吧。
There's a thing that's a buzzword right now, that's really hot, called the circular economy,
现在有一个流行词，非常热的流行词，叫“循环经济”，
which is essentially, you know, industries saying( there are, there's, )there should be no such thing as a byproduct
大体上就是说，各个产业的生产设备都不应该有
in a manufacturing facility that goes to landfill.
副产品这种会被推到垃圾场丢掉的东西。
It should be used by something else, and at the end of a product's life, that product should be upcycled into something else.
它们都应该被用到其他东西上，即便是到了生命周期的终点，我们的产品也应该升级改造成别的东西。
It's being called the circular economy.
这就叫循环经济。
Ecosystems do that really, really, really well.
生态系统在这方面做得好极了。
You've got a log on the forest floor, and those materials move up into the body of the fungus that eats it.
森林里有段木料，它就会逐渐转移到腐蚀它的真菌体内，
Those materials move up into a mouse.
之后转入老鼠体内。
And that mouse material moves up into a hawk, right.
再转移到鹰的体内，对吧。
And if you think about that as what we'd like to do with local materials being upcycled constantly.
这不就是我们在利用当地的各种材料时想要达到的不断升级的效果嘛。
In our cities, for instance.
比如，在我们的城市里，
Those ecosystem lessons are really big for us.
这些生态系统的启发对我们是非常重要的。
And that’s the end goal for biomimetic design — making products, systems, and cities functionally indistinguishable from the natural world.
而这也是仿生设计的终极目标——使产品、系统和城市在功能上能够与自然界以假乱真的地步。
Life has been around on Earth for 3.8 billion years — and what designers are starting to realize is that’s a lot of research and development time.
生命在地球上已经存在了将近38亿年——设计师们也开始意识到，这段漫长的历史是值得研发的。
The people who design our world have a lot to learn from the natural world.
设计世间万物的设计师们还有很多东西需要向自然界学习。
All they have to do is take a look.
而他们所要做的就是多看一看大自然。
Thank you so much for watching, this is one of a series of videos that we're doing in collaboration with 99% Invisible.
非常感谢大家的收看，这是我们与99% Invisible栏目合作制作的系列视频中的一期。
They are a podcast that does stories all about design.
他们栏目是一个设计类播客栏目。
We loved working with them, you should definitely check them out at 99pi.org or on any podcast app.
我们非常喜欢和他们合作，他们的节目是绝对值得一看的，大家可以上99pi.org或到任何播客应用上收听他们的节目。
