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What if you didn't need a lie detector?
如果你并不需要测谎仪呢？
What if your knowledge of psychology and human behavior was enough to tell if people were telling the truth?
如果你的心理学知识和人类行为知识足以辨别人们是否在说谎呢？
Some people are inherently born with the ability to spot a liar.
一些人天生就拥有发现说谎者的能力。
Others study and practice for years before they can call people out on their dishonesty.
其他能够辨别说谎者的人，也是经过了多年研究和练习。
Well, we're about to give you a crash course on how to spot a liar.
我们要给大家上一堂速成课，教你如何辨别说谎者。
Here are ten of the most obvious signs.
以下是十个最为明显的迹象。
Evasiveness.
模棱两可。
One study on lying, found that evasiveness was one of the biggest signs of dishonesty.
一项关于说谎的研究发现模棱两可是最大的说谎迹象之一。
But what is evasiveness? Basically, when people are lying, they are less likely to be specific.
但什么是模棱两可？大体上来说，当人们撒谎时，他们的说辞不太具体。
They might say 'I don't know' or 'I don't remember'. In terms of lying, this is a massive red flag.
他们可能或说‘我不知道’或者‘我不记得了’。就说谎而言，这是一个巨大的危险信号。
Inconsistency.
矛盾。
Liars can't keep their story straight. That's basically what psychologists mean when they say inconsistency.
说谎者讲不清楚自己的故事。这就是心理学家所说的矛盾。
And studies have proven it's a big sign of lying. This is a common tactic used by police during interrogations.
研究已经证实这是一个巨大的说谎信号。这是警察在审问中常用的策略。
They ask the suspect to repeat their story again and again hoping to poke holes in it when certain details are inconsistent.
他们会要求疑犯一遍遍重复他们的故事，希望在某些细节不一致的情况下戳穿漏洞。
Simulated facial expressions.
模仿的面部表情。
Although this is another huge sign of lying, it's very hard to spot. Why?
虽然这是另一个巨大的说谎信号，但却很难发现。为什么？
Because some liars are just really good at acting.
因为一些说谎者真的非常擅长演戏。
One study showed that only certain facial muscles are activated when people are experiencing genuine happiness.
一项研究表明当人们体会到真正的幸福时，仅有某些面部肌肉会被激活。
These muscles are called the orbicularis oculi, otherwise known as crow's-feet.
这些肌肉被称为眼轮匝肌，也被称为鱼尾纹。
But, you'd have to be a serious expert the spot which muscles are being activated in the face.
但你必须是发现面部激活肌肉的专家才行。
They can't tell their story backwards.
他们无法倒叙自己的故事。
If you ever doubt that someone is telling the truth, ask them to tell their story backwards.
如果你怀疑对方在撒谎，就让他们倒叙自己的故事。
Studies have shown that when people are lying, they have trouble telling their false version of events in reverse.
研究已经表明当人们在撒谎时，他们很难倒叙自己的假故事。
When people are lying, they have an increased cognitive load.
当人们在撒谎，他们的认知负荷会增加。
This basically means that liar's brains are working much harder than those who are telling the truth.
这基本意味着说谎者的大脑工作比讲真话的人的更繁重。
When you ask a liar to tell their story backwards,
当你让说谎者倒叙自己的故事时，
this might push their cognitive load over the edge leaving them unable to keep their story straight.
这或许会把他们的认知负荷推到极限，让他们无法把故事讲清楚。
Not maintaining eye contact.
没有保持眼神交流。
This has to be one of the most obvious signs of a liar.
这一定是最明显的说谎迹象之一。
Eye contact is linked with truthfulness, and multiple studies have linked lying with the inability to look someone in the eye.
眼神接触和坦诚相关，并且很多研究都将撒谎和避免眼神接触相联系。
Although this has been explored by research, it only takes a little bit of common sense to see why this is true.
尽管有研究对此进行了探索，但只要一点常识就能看出为什么这是正确的。
Once again, it goes back to evasiveness.
这又一次回到了模棱两可。
