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我们死后身体会怎样

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Since the dawn of humanity, an estimated 100.8 billion people have lived and died,

自从人类出现,估计一共有一千零八十亿人出生又死亡,
a number that increases by about .8% of the world's population each year.
这个数字大约以每年0.8%的速度增加。
What happens to all of those people's bodies after they die and will the planet eventually run out of burial space?
人类死亡后,他们的尸体到底怎么办,地球会不会有一天没有空间来埋葬逝者呢?
When a person's heart stops beating, the body passes through several stages before it begins decomposing.
当人的心脏停止跳动的时,身体在分解前要经历几个时期。
Within minutes after death, the blood begins settling in the lower-most parts of the body.
在死后的几分钟内,血液开始在身体的底部沉积。
Usually eight to twelve hours later, the skin in those areas is discolored by livor mortis, or post-mortem stain.
通常八到十二个小时后,表面的皮肤会出现尸斑,或称死后污斑。
And while at the moment of death the body's muscles relax completely in a condition called primary flaccidity,
人体的肌肉在死亡时会完全放松,在前期肌肉萎缩的情况下,
they stiffen about two to six hours later in what's known as rigor mortis.
尸体会在两到六个小时后僵硬,也就是“尸僵”。
This stiffening spreads through the muscles,
这种僵硬通过肌肉扩展,
and its speed can be affected by age, gender, and the surrounding environment.
其速度与年龄、性别和周围环境有关。
The body also changes temperature, usually cooling off to match its environment.
尸体的温度也会变化,通常会降温至环境的温度。
Next comes decomposition, the process by which bacteria and insects break apart the body.
接下来开始腐败,这个过程就是细菌和昆虫分解尸体。
Many factors affect the rate of decomposition.
许多因素会影响分解快慢。
There is, however, a basic guide of the effect of the environment on decompositon called Casper's Law.
但是,环境对尸体腐烂的影响还是有规律的,它被称为卡斯波规律。
It says that if all other factors are equal,
也就是,其它的因素不变,
a body exposed to air decomposes twice as fast as one immersed in water and eight times as fast as one buried in earth.
暴露在空气中的尸体的分解速度是浸入水中的两倍,是埋入土中的八倍。
Soil acidity also greatly affects bone preservation.
土的酸度对骨骼的保留有很大影响。
High-acidity soils with a pH of less than 5.3 will rapidly decompose bone,
PH值小于5.3的高酸度土会迅速分解骨骼,
whereas in a neutral or basic soil with a pH of 7 or more,
而中性土或PH值大于等于7的土,
a skeleton can remain in relatively good condition for centuries.
骨架能很好地保留几个世纪。
Different cultures throughout history have developed unique approaches to burials.
不同的文化发展出独特的埋葬方式。

我们死后身体会怎样

As far back as the first Neanderthal burials, death was accompanied by rituals,

很久以前的穴居人的埋葬方式,死亡伴随着一种仪式,
like the positioning, coloring, or decorating of corpses.
比如尸体的位置、染色和装饰。
Traditional Christian burials decorate the body in dress,
在传统的基督教葬礼上,尸体穿上服装,
while in traditional Islam, a body is wrapped in a piece of ritual fabric with the face oriented toward Mecca.
而传统的穆斯林葬礼,尸体用仪式用织物包裹,面向麦加方向。
Traditional Hindus ceremonially burn the body,
在传统的印度教葬礼上,会将尸体火化,
and Zoroastrians, followers of one of the oldest monotheistic religions,
索罗亚斯德教的教徒,最古老神教之一的追随者,
traditionally place bodies atop a tower to expose them to the sun and scavenging birds.
传统上把尸体放到塔顶,由太阳暴晒,任由鸟类啄食。
Before the Industrial Revolution, burials were simple and accessible.
工业革命以前,埋葬是简单而容易的。
These days, with suitable burial land running out in high-population areas,
目前,人口密集地区的合适墓地已经快要用完,
purchasing private gravesites can be costly, and many people can't afford simple burials.
购买私人墓地是非常昂贵的,以至于很多人负担不起简单的葬礼。
Even cremation, the second most common burial practice in the world, comes with a high cost.
就算是火化,世界上第二种最普遍的埋葬形式,也需要很高的费用。
As for the question of running out of space,
至于有没有埋葬空间的问题,
the issue isn't so much about total land in the world as it is that large populations cluster together within cities.
其实这与地球总体土地面积无多大关系,因为大量的人口集聚在城市内。
Most of the big cities in the world may run out of suitable burial grounds within a century.
在一个世纪内,世界上大部分大城市的合适的墓地就会用尽,
For London, it's even sooner. That may happen by 2035.
对伦敦来说,甚至更快。可能在2035年就用尽了。
So are there alternatives to traditional burials that might help with the space issue?
那么有可以替代传统埋葬的方式来解决墓地空间问题吗?
In some countries, skyscraper cemeteries enable vertical burials.
在一些国家,出现了高楼墓地,可以垂直的埋葬更多逝者。
Some options focus on the body's relationship with the environment.
一些方法集中在尸体与环境的关系方面。
Promession, for example, freeze-dries and pulverizes the body,
例如,专业的冻干和磨碎尸体,
creating a powder that can turn into compost when mixed with oxygen and water.
做成粉末,和氧气与水混合,制成肥料。
There are also green burials that use special materials,
也有采用特殊材料的绿色埋葬,
such as biodegradable caskets, urns that sprout trees, and burial suits that grow mushrooms.
比如生物降解骨灰盒,可以长成树的骨灰瓮,可以生长蘑菇的骨灰装备。
Eternal reefs take that concept to the depths of the ocean
“永生珊瑚礁”将这一想法带到了深海,
using a mixture of ashes and cement to create marine habitats for sea life.
用骨灰和水泥混合,可建造海洋生物的栖息地。
Death is an inevitable part of the human condition, but how we treat bodies and burials continues to evolve.
死亡是人类无法回避的,可是如何埋葬和处理尸体一直在发展。
We may each have different spiritual, religious, or practical approaches to dying,
我们每个人可能有不同的信仰、宗教,或者实际的死亡方式,
but the ever-increasing demand for burial space
可是,对于埋葬空间的持续需求,
might give us a push to be creative about where our bodies go after the final stages of life.
使我们对人生最后一阶段后尸体的去处有更多有创意的想法。

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